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@ARTICLE{Lfvenborg:166569,
      author       = {J. E. Löfvenborg and S. Carlsson and T. Andersson and C.
                      S. Hampe and A. Koulman and M. D. Chirlaque Lopez and P.
                      Jakszyn and V. A. Katzke$^*$ and T. Kühn$^*$ and C. Kyrø
                      and G. Masala and P. M. Nilsson and K. Overvad and S. Panico
                      and M.-J. Sánchez and Y. van der Schouw and M. B. Schulze
                      and A. Tjønneland and E. Weiderpass and E. Riboli and N. G.
                      Forouhi and S. J. Sharp and O. Rolandsson and N. J. Wareham},
      title        = {{I}nteraction {B}etween {GAD}65 {A}ntibodies and {D}ietary
                      {F}ish {I}ntake or {P}lasma {P}hospholipid n-3
                      {P}olyunsaturated {F}atty {A}cids on {I}ncident
                      {A}dult-{O}nset {D}iabetes: {T}he {EPIC}-{I}nter{A}ct
                      {S}tudy.},
      journal      = {Diabetes care},
      volume       = {44},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1935-5548},
      address      = {Alexandria, Va.},
      publisher    = {Assoc.},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-03012},
      pages        = {416-424},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {2021 Feb;44(2):416-424},
      abstract     = {Islet autoimmunity is associated with diabetes incidence.
                      We investigated whether there was an interaction between
                      dietary fish intake or plasma phospholipid n-3
                      polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration with the
                      65-kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65) antibody positivity on the
                      risk of developing adult-onset diabetes.We used prospective
                      data on 11,247 incident cases of adult-onset diabetes and
                      14,288 noncases from the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study
                      conducted in eight European countries. Baseline plasma
                      samples were analyzed for GAD65 antibodies and phospholipid
                      n-3 PUFAs. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident
                      diabetes in relation to GAD65 antibody status and tertiles
                      of plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA or fish intake were
                      estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression. Additive
                      (proportion attributable to interaction [AP]) and
                      multiplicative interactions between GAD65 antibody
                      positivity (≥65 units/mL) and low fish/n-3 PUFA were
                      assessed.The hazard of diabetes in antibody-positive
                      individuals with low intake of total and fatty fish,
                      respectively, was significantly elevated (HR 2.52 $[95\%$ CI
                      1.76-3.63] and 2.48 [1.79-3.45]) compared with people who
                      were GAD65 antibody negative and had high fish intake, with
                      evidence of additive (AP 0.44 $[95\%$ CI 0.16-0.72] and 0.48
                      [0.24-0.72]) and multiplicative (P = 0.0465 and 0.0103)
                      interactions. Individuals with high GAD65 antibody levels
                      (≥167.5 units/mL) and low total plasma phospholipid n-3
                      PUFAs had a more than fourfold higher hazard of diabetes (HR
                      4.26 [2.70-6.72]) and an AP of 0.46 (0.12-0.80) compared
                      with antibody-negative individuals with high n-3 PUFAs.High
                      fish intake or relative plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA
                      concentrations may partially counteract the increased
                      diabetes risk conferred by GAD65 antibody positivity.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33303636},
      doi          = {10.2337/dc20-1463},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/166569},
}