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@ARTICLE{Culliford:166716,
      author       = {R. Culliford and A. J. Cornish and P. J. Law and S. M.
                      Farrington and K. Palin and M. A. Jenkins and G. Casey and
                      M. Hoffmeister$^*$ and H. Brenner$^*$ and J.
                      Chang-Claude$^*$ and I. Kirac and T. Maughan and S. Brezina
                      and A. Gsur and J. P. Cheadle and L. A. Aaltonen and M. G.
                      Dunlop and R. S. Houlston},
      title        = {{L}ack of an association between gallstone disease and
                      bilirubin levels with risk of colorectal cancer: a
                      {M}endelian randomisation analysis.},
      journal      = {British journal of cancer},
      volume       = {124},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1532-1827},
      address      = {Edinburgh},
      publisher    = {Nature Publ. Group},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-00063},
      pages        = {1169-1174},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {2021 Mar;124(6):1169-1174},
      abstract     = {Epidemiological studies of the relationship between
                      gallstone disease and circulating levels of bilirubin with
                      risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) have been
                      inconsistent. To address possible confounding and reverse
                      causation, we examine the relationship between these
                      potential risk factors and CRC using Mendelian randomisation
                      (MR).We used two-sample MR to examine the relationship
                      between genetic liability to gallstone disease and
                      circulating levels of bilirubin with CRC in 26,397 patients
                      and 41,481 controls. We calculated the odds ratio per
                      genetically predicted SD unit increase in log bilirubin
                      levels (ORSD) for CRC and tested for a non-zero causal
                      effect of gallstones on CRC. Sensitivity analysis was
                      applied to identify violations of estimator assumptions.No
                      association between either gallstone disease (P value =
                      0.60) or circulating levels of bilirubin (ORSD = 1.00,
                      $95\%$ confidence interval (CI) = 0.96-1.03, P value = 0.90)
                      with CRC was shown.Despite the large scale of this study, we
                      found no evidence for a causal relationship between either
                      circulating levels of bilirubin or gallstone disease with
                      risk of developing CRC. While the magnitude of effect
                      suggested by some observational studies can confidently be
                      excluded, we cannot exclude the possibility of smaller
                      effect sizes and non-linear relationships.},
      cin          = {C070 / C120 / HD01 / C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C120-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33414539},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41416-020-01211-x},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/166716},
}