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| 100 | 1 | _ | |a Dimou, Niki |0 0000-0003-1678-9328 |b 0 |
| 245 | _ | _ | |a Causal effects of lifetime smoking on breast and colorectal cancer risk: Mendelian randomization study. |
| 260 | _ | _ | |a Philadelphia, Pa. |c 2021 |b AACR |
| 336 | 7 | _ | |a article |2 DRIVER |
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| 500 | _ | _ | |a 30(5):953-964 |
| 520 | _ | _ | |a Observational evidence has shown that smoking is a risk factor for breast and colorectal cancer. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine causal associations between smoking and risks of breast and colorectal cancer.Genome-wide association study summary data were used to identify genetic variants associated with lifetime amount of smoking (n=126 variants) and ever having smoked regularly (n=112 variants). Using two-sample MR, we examined these variants in relation to incident breast (122,977 cases/105,974 controls) and colorectal cancer (52,775 cases/45,940 controls).In inverse-variance weighted models, a genetic predisposition to higher lifetime amount of smoking was positively associated with breast cancer risk [odds ratio [OR] per 1-standard deviation (SD) increment: 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.26); P: 0.04]; although heterogeneity was observed. Similar associations were found for estrogen receptor-positive and estrogen receptor-negative tumors. Higher lifetime amount of smoking was positively associated with colorectal cancer [OR per 1-SD increment: 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04-1.40); P: 0.01], colon cancer [OR: 1.31 (95% CI: 1.11-1.55); P: <0.01], and rectal cancer [OR: 1.36 (95% CI: 1.07-1.73); P: 0.01]. Ever having smoked regularly was not associated with risks of breast [OR: 1.01 (95% CI: 0.90-1.14); P: 0.85] or colorectal cancer [OR: 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86-1.10); P: 0.68].These findings are consistent with prior observational evidence and support a causal role of higher lifetime smoking amount in the development of breast and colorectal cancer.The results from this comprehensive MR analysis indicate that lifetime smoking is a causal risk factor for these common malignancies. |
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| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Yarmolinsky, James |b 1 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Bouras, Emmanouil |b 2 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Tsilidis, Konstantinos K |b 3 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Martin, Richard M |0 0000-0002-7992-7719 |b 4 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Lewis, Sarah J |b 5 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Gram, Inger T |0 0000-0002-0031-4152 |b 6 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Bakker, Marije F |b 7 |
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| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Figueiredo, Jane C |b 9 |
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| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Gruber, Stephen B |0 0000-0001-8656-7822 |b 11 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Van Guelpen, Bethany |0 0000-0002-9692-101X |b 12 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Hsu, Li |0 0000-0001-8168-4712 |b 13 |
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| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Kweon, Sun-Seog |0 0000-0003-2378-8550 |b 15 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Lin, Yi |b 16 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Lindor, Noralane M |b 17 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Newcomb, Polly A |b 18 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Sanchez-Perez, Maria-Jose |b 19 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Severi, Gianluca |0 0000-0001-7157-419X |b 20 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Tindle, Hilary A |b 21 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Tumino, Rosario |0 0000-0003-2666-414X |b 22 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Weiderpass, Elisabete |0 0000-0003-2237-0128 |b 23 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Gunter, Marc J |b 24 |
| 700 | 1 | _ | |a Murphy, Neil |b 25 |
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