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@ARTICLE{Tsiouris:167791,
      author       = {A. Tsiouris and N. Ungar and M. Gabrian and A.
                      Haussmann$^*$ and K. Steindorf and J. Wiskemann and M.
                      Sieverding},
      title        = {{W}hat is the {I}mage of the '{T}ypical {C}ancer
                      {P}atient'? {T}he {V}iew of {P}hysicians.},
      journal      = {American journal of men's health},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1557-9891},
      address      = {Thousand Oaks, Calif.},
      publisher    = {Sage},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-00553},
      pages        = {155798832098848 -},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Former research has identified stigmatizing attitudes
                      toward cancer patients in the general population. Little is
                      known about (implicit) attitudes of physicians toward cancer
                      patients. By using the prototype approach, the study
                      investigated German physicians' prototypical perceptions of
                      cancer patients. Five hundred nineteen physicians (mean age:
                      46 years, $47\%$ female) who regularly treat cancer patients
                      participated in the questionnaire study. Participants were
                      asked to state three prototype attributes that describe the
                      'typical cancer patient.' Open format answers were coded on
                      the dimensions favorability (coded with unfavorable,
                      favorable, or neutral) and gender-stereotypicality (coded
                      with masculine stereotypical, feminine stereotypical, or
                      gender-neutral). Of all prototype attributes (N = 1,589),
                      $69.9\%$ were coded as unfavorable and $14.3\%$ as
                      favorable, the remaining attributes were neutral $(15.9\%).$
                      Analysis of gender-stereotypicality revealed that nearly
                      half of the attributes $(49.5\%)$ were compatible with the
                      feminine, whereas only $6.5\%$ were compatible with the
                      masculine stereotype. The remaining attributes $(44.0\%)$
                      were gender-neutral. There were no significant associations
                      between prototype favorability or gender-stereotypicality
                      and demographic/professional characteristics of physicians.
                      The prototype approach was successful to identify (implicit)
                      attitudes toward cancer patients and might be more sensitive
                      than social distance scales when investigating stigmatizing
                      attitudes. Physicians described the 'typical cancer patient'
                      with predominantly unfavorable and feminine attributes,
                      while favorable attributes were underrepresented and
                      positive masculine attributes were barely mentioned. The
                      finding that the 'typical cancer patient' lacks (positive)
                      masculine attributes should be followed up in further
                      research.},
      keywords     = {cancer patient prototypes (Other) / cancer patients (Other)
                      / favorability (Other) / gender stereotypes (Other) /
                      physicians’ attitudes (Other)},
      cin          = {C110},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C110-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33666112},
      doi          = {10.1177/1557988320988480},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/167791},
}