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@ARTICLE{Kratzer:169059,
      author       = {F. Kratzer$^*$ and S. Flassbeck$^*$ and S. Schmitter$^*$
                      and T. Wilferth and A. Magill$^*$ and B. R. Knowles$^*$ and
                      T. Platt$^*$ and P. Bachert$^*$ and M. E. Ladd$^*$ and A.
                      Nagel$^*$},
      title        = {3{D} sodium (23 {N}a) magnetic resonance fingerprinting for
                      time-efficient relaxometric mapping.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance in medicine},
      volume       = {86},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1522-2594},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-01217},
      pages        = {2412-2425},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {#EA:E020#LA:E020#/ 2021 Nov;86(5):2412-2425},
      abstract     = {To develop a framework for 3D sodium (23 Na) MR
                      fingerprinting (MRF), based on irreducible spherical tensor
                      operators with tailored flip angle (FA) pattern and
                      time-efficient data acquisition for simultaneous
                      quantification of T1 , T 2 l ∗ , T 2 s ∗ , and T 2 ∗
                      in addition to ΔB0 .23 Na-MRF was implemented in a 3D
                      sequence and irreducible spherical tensor operators were
                      exploited in the simulations. Furthermore, the Cramér Rao
                      lower bound was used to optimize the flip angle pattern. A
                      combination of single and double echo readouts was
                      implemented to increase the readout efficiency. A study was
                      conducted to compare results in a multicompartment phantom
                      acquired with MRF and reference methods. Finally, the
                      relaxation times in the human brain were measured in four
                      healthy volunteers.Phantom experiments revealed a mean
                      difference of $1.0\%$ between relaxation times acquired with
                      MRF and results determined with the reference methods.
                      Simultaneous quantification of the longitudinal and
                      transverse relaxation times in the human brain was possible
                      within 32 min using 3D 23 Na-MRF with a nominal resolution
                      of (5 mm)3 . In vivo measurements in four volunteers yielded
                      average relaxation times of: T1,brain = (35.0 ± 3.2) ms, T
                      2 l , brain ∗ = (29.3 ± 3.8) ms and T 2 s , brain ∗ =
                      (5.5 ± 1.3) ms in brain tissue, whereas T1,CSF = (61.9 ±
                      2.8) ms and T 2 , CSF ∗ = (46.3 ± 4.5) ms was found in
                      cerebrospinal fluid.The feasibility of in vivo 3D
                      relaxometric sodium mapping within roughly ½ h is
                      demonstrated using MRF in the human brain, moving sodium
                      relaxometric mapping toward clinically relevant measurement
                      times.},
      keywords     = {7 Tesla (Other) / Cramér Rao lower bound (Other) /
                      X-nuclei (Other) / magnetic resonance fingerprinting (Other)
                      / relaxometry (Other) / sodium (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34061397},
      doi          = {10.1002/mrm.28873},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/169059},
}