% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded. This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.
@ARTICLE{Collaborators:169859,
author = {P. J. Kendrick and M. B. Reitsma and M. Abbasi-Kangevari
and A. Abdoli and M. Abdollahi and A. Abedi and E. S.
Abhilash and V. Aboyans and O. M. Adebayo and S. M. Advani
and B. O. Ahinkorah and S. Ahmad and K. Ahmadi and H. Ahmed
and B. Aji and Y. Akalu and C. J. Akunna and F. Alahdab and
Z. Al-Aly and F. M. Alanezi and T. M. Alanzi and K. F.
Alhabib and T. Ali and S. M. Alif and V. Alipour and S. M.
Aljunid and M. A. Alomari and T. T. Amin and S. Amini and H.
Amu and R. Ancuceanu and J. A. Anderson and C. L. Andrei and
T. Andrei and A. Ansari-Moghaddam and B. Antony and D.
Anvari and J. Arabloo and N. D. Arian and M. Arora and K. D.
Artanti and W. N. Asmare and D. D. Atnafu and M. Ausloos and
A. T. Awan and G. Ayano and G. L. Aynalem and S. Azari and
D. B. B and A. D. Badiye and A. A. Baig and M. Banach and S.
K. Banerjee and S. L. Barker-Collo and T. W. Bärnighausen
and H. J. Barqawi and S. Basu and M. Bayati and S.
Bazargan-Hejazi and T. T. Bekuma and D. A. Bennett and I. M.
Bensenor and H. Benzian and C. P. Benziger and A. E. Berman
and A. S. Bhagavathula and N. Bhala and N. Bhardwaj and P.
Bhardwaj and K. Bhattacharyya and S. Bibi and A. Bijani and
A. Biondi and D. Braithwaite and H. Brenner$^*$ and A. R.
Brunoni and K. Burkart and S. Burugina Nagaraja and Z. A.
Butt and F. L. Caetano Dos Santos and J. Car and G. Carreras
and J. M. Castaldelli-Maia and M. S. S. Cattaruzza and J.-C.
Chang and P. Chaturvedi and S. Chen and O. G. Chido-Amajuoyi
and D.-T. Chu and S.-C. Chung and L. G. Ciobanu and V. M.
Costa and R. A. S. Couto and B. Dagnew and X. Dai and A. A.
M. Damasceno and G. Damiani and L. Dandona and R. Dandona
and P. Daneshpajouhnejad and J. Darega Gela and M. Derbew
Molla and A. A. Desta and S. D. Dharmaratne and M. Dhimal
and A. W. Eagan and M. Ebrahimi Kalan and K. Edvardsson and
A. Effiong and M. El Tantawi and I. Elbarazi and S.
Esmaeilnejad and I. Fadhil and E. J. A. Faraon and M.
Farwati and F. Farzadfar and M. Fazlzadeh and V. L. Feigin
and R. Feldman and I. Filip and F. Filippidis and F. Fischer
and L. S. Flor and N. A. Foigt and M. O. Folayan and M.
Foroutan and M. M. Gad and S. Gallus and B. S. Geberemariyam
and B. G. Gebregiorgis and L. Getacher and A. Getachew Obsa
and M. Ghafourifard and R. Ghanei Gheshlagh and A.
Ghashghaee and N. Ghith and G. F. Gil and P. S. Gill and I.
A. Ginawi and S. Goharinezhad and M. Golechha and S. V.
Gopalani and G. Gorini and M. Grivna and A. Guha and R. A.
Guimarães and Y. Guo and R. D. Gupta and R. Gupta and T.
Gupta and V. Gupta and N. Hafezi-Nejad and M. R. Haider and
R. R. Hamadeh and G. J. Hankey and A. Hargono and S. I. Hay
and G. Heidari and C. Herteliu and K. Hezam and T. R. Hird
and R. Holla and M. Hosseinzadeh and M. Hostiuc and S.
Hostiuc and M. Househ and T. Hsiao and J. Huang and C. U.
Ibeneme and S. E. Ibitoye and I. M. Ilic and M. D. Ilic and
L. R. Inbaraj and S. S. N. Irvani and J. Y. Islam and R. M.
Islam and S. M. S. Islam and F. Islami and H. Iso and R.
Itumalla and J. Jaafari and V. Jain and M. Jakovljevic and
S.-I. Jang and S. Jayaram and P. Jeemon and R. P. Jha and J.
B. Jonas and M. Jürisson and A. Kabir and Z. Kabir and L.
R. Kalankesh and T. Kanchan and H. Kandel and N. Kapoor and
A. Karch and S. E. Karimi and K. M. Kebede and B. Kelkay and
R. D. Kennedy and Y. S. Khader and E. A. Khan and M.
Khayamzadeh and G. R. Kim and R. W. Kimokoti and M.
Kivimäki and S. Kosen and S. L. Koulmane Laxminarayana and
A. Koyanagi and K. Krishan and N. Kugbey and G. A. Kumar and
N. Kumar and O. P. Kurmi and D. Kusuma and B. Lacey and I.
Landires and S. Lasrado and P. Lauriola and D. W. Lee and Y.
H. Lee and J. Leung and S. Li and H. Lin and W. Liu and A.
Lugo and S. Madhava Kunjathur and A. Majeed and A. Maleki
and R. Malekzadeh and D. C. Malta and A. A. Mamun and N.
Manjunatha and B. Mansouri and M. A. Mansournia and S.
Martini and M. R. Mathur and P. Mathur and M. Mazidi and M.
McKee and C. E. Medina-Solís and S. Mehata and W. Mendoza
and R. G. Menezes and B. Miazgowski and I. M. Michalek and
T. R. Miller and G. K. Mini and A. Mirica and E. M.
Mirrakhimov and H. Mirzaei and S. Misra and Y. Mohammad and
A. Mohammadian-Hafshejani and S. Mohammed and A. H. Mokdad
and M. Molokhia and L. Monasta and M. A. Moni and R.
Moradzadeh and S. D. Morrison and T. B. Mossie and S.
Mubarik and E. C. Mullany and C. J. L. Murray and S. P.
Nagaraju and M. Naghavi and N. Naik and M. Nalini and V.
Nangia and A. A. Naqvi and S. Narasimha Swamy and M. Naveed
and J. Nazari and S. O. Nduaguba and R. I. Negoi and S.
Neupane Kandel and H. L. T. Nguyen and Y. T. Nigatu and M.
R. Nixon and C. A. Nnaji and J. J. Noubiap and C. Nowak and
V. Nuñez-Samudio and F. A. Ogbo and A. S. Oguntade and
I.-H. Oh and A. T. Olagunju and M. O. Owolabi and M. P A and
K. Pakshir and A. Pana and D. Panagiotakos and S.
Panda-Jonas and A. Pandey and U. Parekh and E.-C. Park and
E.-K. Park and F. Pashazadeh Kan and M. Pathak and S. Pawar
and R. G. Pestell and H. Q. Pham and M. Pinheiro and K. N.
Pokhrel and A. Pourshams and A. Prashant and A. Radfar and
V. Rahimi-Movaghar and M. H. U. Rahman and M. A. Rahman and
A. M. Rahmani and P. Ram and J. Rana and C. L. Ranabhat and
P. Rathi and D. L. Rawaf and S. Rawaf and R. Rawassizadeh
and A. M. N. Renzaho and A. Rezapour and M. A. Riaz and L.
Roever and L. Ronfani and G. Roshandel and A. Roy and B. Roy
and B. Saddik and A. Sahebkar and S. Salehi and H.
Salimzadeh and A. M. Samy and J. Sanabria and M. M.
Santric-Milicevic and B. P. Sao Jose and B. Sathian and M.
Sawhney and G. K. Saya and F. Schwendicke and A.-A. Seidu
and N. Senthil Kumar and S. G. Sepanlou and O. Shafaat and
S. M. Shah and M. A. Shaikh and M. Shannawaz and K. Sharafi
and A. Sheikh and S. Sheikhbahaei and M. Shigematsu and R.
Shiri and K. Shishani and K. M. Shivakumar and S. Shivalli
and R. Shrestha and S. Siabani and N. B. Sidemo and I. D.
Sigfusdottir and R. Sigurvinsdottir and J. P. Silva and A.
Singh and J. A. Singh and V. Singh and D. N. Sinha and V. Y.
Skryabin and A. A. Skryabina and A. Soroush and I. N. Soyiri
and C. T. Sreeramareddy and D. J. Stein and P. Steiropoulos
and S. Stortecky and K. Straif and R. Suliankatchi
Abdulkader and G. Sulo and J. Sundström and T. Tabuchi and
E. G. Tadesse and A. T. Tamiru and M. Tareke and M. I.
Tareque and I. U. Tarigan and B. Thakur and K. R. Thankappan
and R. Thapar and M. A. Tolani and M. R. Tovani-Palone and
B. X. Tran and J. P. Tripathy and G. W. Tsegaye and H. D.
Tymeson and S. Ullah and B. Unim and R. L. Updike and O. A.
Uthman and M. Vacante and C. Vardavas and N.
Venketasubramanian and M. Verma and S. Vidale and B. Vo and
G. T. Vu and Y. Waheed and Y. Wang and K. Welding and A.
Werdecker and J. L. Whisnant and N. D. Wickramasinghe and B.
L. Wubishet and K. Yamagishi and Y. Yano and V.
Yazdi-Feyzabadi and Y. Yeshaw and M. Z. Yimmer and N.
Yonemoto and Z. Yousefi and C. Yu and I. Yunusa and H.
Yusefzadeh and M. S. Zaman and M. Zamani and M. Zamanian and
M. S. Zastrozhin and A. Zastrozhina and J. Zhang and Z.-J.
Zhang and C. Zhong and Y. M. H. Zuniga and E. Gakidou},
collaboration = {GBD 2019 Chewing {Tobacco Collaborators}},
title = {{S}patial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence
of chewing tobacco use in 204 countries and territories,
1990-2019: a systematic analysis from the {G}lobal {B}urden
of {D}isease {S}tudy 2019.},
journal = {The lancet},
volume = {6},
number = {7},
issn = {2468-2667},
address = {London},
publisher = {Elsevier},
reportid = {DKFZ-2021-01593},
pages = {e482 - e499},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Chewing tobacco and other types of smokeless tobacco use
have had less attention from the global health community
than smoked tobacco use. However, the practice is popular in
many parts of the world and has been linked to several
adverse health outcomes. Understanding trends in prevalence
with age, over time, and by location and sex is important
for policy setting and in relation to monitoring and
assessing commitment to the WHO Framework Convention on
Tobacco Control.We estimated prevalence of chewing tobacco
use as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and
Risk Factors Study 2019 using a modelling strategy that used
information on multiple types of smokeless tobacco products.
We generated a time series of prevalence of chewing tobacco
use among individuals aged 15 years and older from 1990 to
2019 in 204 countries and territories, including age-sex
specific estimates. We also compared these trends to those
of smoked tobacco over the same time period.In 2019, 273·9
million $(95\%$ uncertainty interval 258·5 to 290·9)
people aged 15 years and older used chewing tobacco, and the
global age-standardised prevalence of chewing tobacco use
was $4·72\%$ (4·46 to 5·01). 228·2 million (213·6 to
244·7; $83·29\%$ [82·15 to 84·42]) chewing tobacco users
lived in the south Asia region. Prevalence among young
people aged 15-19 years was over $10\%$ in seven locations
in 2019. Although global age-standardised prevalence of
smoking tobacco use decreased significantly between 1990 and
2019 (annualised rate of change: $-1·21\%$ [-1·26 to
-1·16]), similar progress was not observed for chewing
tobacco $(0·46\%$ [0·13 to 0·79]). Among the 12 highest
prevalence countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India,
Madagascar, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan,
Palau, Sri Lanka, and Yemen), only Yemen had a significant
decrease in the prevalence of chewing tobacco use, which was
among males between 1990 and 2019 $(-0·94\%$ [-1·72 to
-0·14]), compared with nine of 12 countries that had
significant decreases in the prevalence of smoking tobacco.
Among females, none of these 12 countries had significant
decreases in prevalence of chewing tobacco use, whereas
seven of 12 countries had a significant decrease in the
prevalence of tobacco smoking use for the period.Chewing
tobacco remains a substantial public health problem in
several regions of the world, and predominantly in south
Asia. We found little change in the prevalence of chewing
tobacco use between 1990 and 2019, and that control efforts
have had much larger effects on the prevalence of smoking
tobacco use than on chewing tobacco use in some countries.
Mitigating the health effects of chewing tobacco requires
stronger regulations and policies that specifically target
use of chewing tobacco, especially in countries with high
prevalence.Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill $\&$
Melinda Gates Foundation.},
cin = {C070},
ddc = {610},
cid = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331},
pnm = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
pubmed = {pmid:34051920},
pmc = {pmc:PMC8251505},
doi = {10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00065-7},
url = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/169859},
}
guest ::