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@ARTICLE{Gies:169975,
      author       = {A. Gies$^*$ and T. Niedermaier$^*$ and E. Alwers$^*$ and T.
                      Hielscher$^*$ and K. Weigl$^*$ and T. Heisser$^*$ and P.
                      Schrotz-King$^*$ and M. Hoffmeister$^*$ and H. Brenner$^*$},
      title        = {{C}onsistent {M}ajor {D}ifferences in {S}ex- and
                      {A}ge-{S}pecific {D}iagnostic {P}erformance among {N}ine
                      {F}aecal {I}mmunochemical {T}ests {U}sed for {C}olorectal
                      {C}ancer {S}creening.},
      journal      = {Cancers},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {14},
      issn         = {2072-6694},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-01675},
      pages        = {3574 -},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {#EA:C120#LA:C070#},
      abstract     = {Evidence on diagnostic performance of faecal immunochemical
                      tests (FITs) by sex and age is scarce. We aimed to evaluate
                      FIT performance for detection of advanced colorectal
                      neoplasia (AN) by sex and age across nine different FIT
                      brands in a colonoscopy-controlled setting. The faecal
                      samples were obtained from 2042 participants of colonoscopy
                      screening. All eligible cases with AN (n = 216) and 300
                      randomly selected participants without AN were included.
                      Diagnostic performance for detection of AN was assessed by
                      sex and age (50-64 vs. 65-79 years for each of the nine FITs
                      individually and for all FITs combined. Sensitivity was
                      consistently lower, and specificity was consistently higher
                      for females as compared with males (pooled values at
                      original FIT cutoffs, $25.7\%$ vs. $34.6\%,$ p = 0.12 and
                      $96.2\%$ vs. $90.8\%,$ p < 0.01, respectively). Positive
                      predictive values (PPVs) were similar between both sexes,
                      but negative predictive values (NPVs) were consistently
                      higher for females (pooled values, $91.8\%$ vs. $86.6\%,$ p
                      < 0.01). Sex-specific cutoffs attenuated differences in
                      sensitivities but increased differences in predictive
                      values. According to age, sensitivities and specificities
                      were similar, whereas PPVs were consistently lower and NPVs
                      were consistently higher for the younger participants. A
                      negative FIT is less reliable in ruling out AN among men
                      than among women and among older than among younger
                      participants. Comparisons of measures of diagnostic
                      performance among studies with different sex or age
                      distributions should be interpreted with caution.},
      keywords     = {colon cancer (Other) / early detection (Other) / faecal
                      occult blood test (Other) / prevention (Other)},
      cin          = {C120 / C070 / C060 / HD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C120-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)C060-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34298786},
      doi          = {10.3390/cancers13143574},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/169975},
}