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@ARTICLE{Schmidt:170010,
      author       = {S. Schmidt$^*$ and M. Bruschewski and S. Flassbeck$^*$ and
                      K. John and S. Grundmann and M. E. Ladd$^*$ and S.
                      Schmitter$^*$},
      title        = {{P}hase-contrast acceleration mapping with synchronized
                      encoding.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance in medicine},
      volume       = {86},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1522-2594},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-01704},
      pages        = {3201-3210},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {#EA:E020#LA:E020# /2021 Dec;86(6):3201-3210},
      abstract     = {To develop a phase-contrast (PC) -based method for direct
                      and unbiased quantification of the acceleration vector field
                      by synchronization of the spatial and acceleration encoding
                      time points. The proposed method explicitly aims at in-vitro
                      applications, requiring high measurement accuracy, as well
                      as the validation of clinically relevant
                      acceleration-encoded sequences.A velocity-encoded sequence
                      with synchronized encoding (SYNC SPI) was modified to allow
                      direct acceleration mapping by replacing the bipolar
                      encoding gradients with tripolar gradient waveforms. The
                      proposed method was validated in two in-vitro flow cases: a
                      rotation and a stenosis phantom. The thereby obtained
                      velocity and acceleration vector fields were quantitatively
                      compared to those acquired with conventional PC methods, as
                      well as to theoretical data.The rotation phantom study
                      revealed a systematic bias of the conventional PC
                      acceleration mapping method that resulted in an average
                      pixel-wise relative angle between the measured and
                      theoretical vector field of (7.8 ± 3.2)°, which was
                      reduced to (-0.4 ± 2.7)° for the proposed SYNC SPI method.
                      Furthermore, flow features in the stenosis phantom were
                      displaced by up to 10 mm in the conventional PC data
                      compared with the acceleration-encoded SYNC SPI data.This
                      work successfully demonstrates a highly accurate method for
                      direct acceleration mapping. It thus complements the
                      existing velocity-encoded SYNC SPI method to enable the
                      direct and unbiased quantification of both the velocity and
                      acceleration vector field for in vitro studies. Hence, this
                      method can be used for the validation of conventional
                      acceleration-encoded PC methods applicable in-vivo.},
      keywords     = {acceleration mapping (Other) / displacement artifact
                      (Other) / flow MRI (Other) / phase-contrast magnetic
                      resonance imaging (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34313340},
      doi          = {10.1002/mrm.28948},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/170010},
}