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@ARTICLE{MagalhaesMartins:170059,
      author       = {P. J. Magalhaes Martins$^*$ and H. Freitas$^*$ and T.
                      Tessonnier and B. Ackermann and S. Brons and J. Seco$^*$},
      title        = {{T}owards real-time {PGS} range monitoring in proton
                      therapy of prostate cancer.},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-01728},
      pages        = {15331},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {#EA:E041#LA:E041#},
      abstract     = {Proton therapy of prostate cancer (PCPT) was linked with
                      increased levels of gastrointestinal toxicity in its early
                      use compared to intensity-modulated radiation therapy
                      (IMRT). The higher radiation dose to the rectum by proton
                      beams is mainly due to anatomical variations. Here, we
                      demonstrate an approach to monitor rectal radiation exposure
                      in PCPT based on prompt gamma spectroscopy (PGS). Endorectal
                      balloons (ERBs) are used to stabilize prostate movement
                      during radiotherapy. These ERBs are usually filled with
                      water. However, other water solutions containing elements
                      with higher atomic numbers, such as silicon, may enable the
                      use of PGS to monitor the radiation exposure of the rectum.
                      Protons hitting silicon atoms emit prompt gamma rays with a
                      specific energy of 1.78 MeV, which can be used to monitor
                      whether the ERB is being hit. In a binary approach, we
                      search the silicon energy peaks for every irradiated
                      prostate region. We demonstrate this technique for both
                      single-spot irradiation and real treatment plans. Real-time
                      feedback based on the ERB being hit column-wise is feasible
                      and would allow clinicians to decide whether to adapt or
                      continue treatment. This technique may be extended to other
                      cancer types and organs at risk, such as the oesophagus.},
      cin          = {E041},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E041-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34321492},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC8319377},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-021-93612-y},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/170059},
}