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@ARTICLE{Emmerich:170089,
      author       = {J. Emmerich$^*$ and P. Bachert$^*$ and M. E. Ladd$^*$ and
                      S. Straub$^*$},
      title        = {{A} novel phantom with dia- and paramagnetic substructure
                      for quantitative susceptibility mapping and relaxometry.},
      journal      = {Physica medica},
      volume       = {88},
      issn         = {1120-1797},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-01752},
      pages        = {278 - 284},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {#EA:E020#LA:E020#},
      abstract     = {A phantom is presented in this study that allows for an
                      experimental evaluation of QSM reconstruction algorithms.
                      The phantom contains susceptibility producing particles with
                      dia- and paramagnetic properties embedded in an MRI visible
                      medium and is suitable to assess the performance of
                      algorithms that attempt to separate isotropic dia- and
                      paramagnetic susceptibility at the sub-voxel level.The
                      phantom was built from calcium carbonate (diamagnetic) and
                      tungsten carbide particles (paramagnetic) embedded in
                      gelatin and surrounded by agarose gel. Different mass
                      fractions and mixing ratios of both susceptibility sources
                      were used. Gradient echo data were acquired at 1.5 T, 3 T
                      and 7 T. Susceptibility maps were calculated using the MEDI
                      toolbox and relaxation rates ΔR2∗ were determined using
                      exponential fitting.Relaxation rates as well as
                      susceptibility values generally coincide with the
                      theoretical values for particles fulfilling the assumptions
                      of the the static dephasing regime with stronger deviations
                      for relaxation rates at higher field strength and for high
                      susceptibility values. MRI raw data are available for free
                      academic use as supplementary material.In this study, a
                      susceptibility phantom is presented that might find its
                      application in the development and quantitative validation
                      of current and future QSM reconstruction algorithms which
                      aim to separate the influence of isotropic dia- and
                      paramagnetic substructure in quantitative susceptibility
                      mapping.},
      keywords     = {Magnetic susceptibility (Other) / Quantitative
                      susceptibility mapping phantom (Other) / Relaxation rate
                      (Other) / Substructure (Other) / Susceptibility source
                      separation (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34332237},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.07.015},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/170089},
}