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@ARTICLE{Salem:170404,
      author       = {A. Salem$^*$ and K. Trares$^*$ and M. Kohl and E. Jansen
                      and H. Brenner$^*$ and B. Schöttker$^*$},
      title        = {{L}ong-term effects of smoking on serum concentrations of
                      oxidative stress biomarkers: {R}esults of a large,
                      population-based cohort study.},
      journal      = {Environmental research},
      volume       = {204},
      number       = {PT A},
      issn         = {0013-9351},
      address      = {San Diego, Calif.},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-01911},
      pages        = {111923},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {#EA:C070#LA:C070# / 2022 Mar;204(Pt A):111923},
      abstract     = {Cross-sectional studies have consistently shown an
                      association between current smoking and oxidative stress
                      biomarkers. However, no longitudinal studies have been
                      performed so far.The oxidative stress biomarkers 'total
                      thiol groups of serum proteins' (TTP), and 'derivatives of
                      reactive oxygen metabolites' (D-ROM) were measured in serum
                      samples of 3835 participants of a population-based, German
                      cohort study of older adults (age: 60-84 years) with
                      repeated measurements for 2834 participants three years
                      later. Multivariable linear regression models were applied
                      and β-coefficients with $95\%$ confidence intervals were
                      obtained.In both cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis,
                      current smoking was statistically significantly associated
                      with increased D-ROM levels, and a dose-response
                      relationship between the amount of daily tobacco consumption
                      and the D-ROM concentrations was observed that plateaued at
                      ≥15 g of tobacco consumption per day. Former smoking was
                      also associated with D-ROM levels. Only former smokers who
                      quitted smoking more than 10 years ago had no increased
                      D-ROM levels compared to never smokers. There was neither a
                      cross-sectional nor longitudinal association between any of
                      the smoking variables and TTP levels.This large
                      population-based cohort of older German adults suggests that
                      smoking has long-term effects on the oxidative stress
                      burden. The further increasing D-ROM levels of current
                      smokers at an older age and the observation that it may take
                      more than 10 years until the redox balance is restored are
                      solid arguments for quitting smoking as soon as possible at
                      any age.},
      keywords     = {Epidemiology (Other) / Lipid peroxidation (Other) /
                      Oxidative stress (Other) / Smoking (Other) / Thiols (Other)},
      cin          = {C070 / C120 / HD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C120-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34428452},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.envres.2021.111923},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/170404},
}