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@ARTICLE{Collaborators:176877,
author = {H. Ebrahimi and Z. Aryan and S. Saeedi Moghaddam and C.
Bisignano and S. Rezaei and F. Pishgar and L. M. Force and
H. Abolhassani and E. Abu-Gharbieh and S. M. Advani and S.
Ahmad and F. Alahdab and V. Alipour and S. M. Aljunid and S.
Amini and R. Ancuceanu and C. L. Andrei and T. Andrei and J.
Arabloo and M. Arab-Zozani and M. Asaad and M. Ausloos and
A. F. Awedew and A. A. Baig and A. Bijani and A. Biondi and
T. Bjørge and D. Braithwaite and M. Brauer and H.
Brenner$^*$ and M. T. Bustamante-Teixeira and Z. A. Butt and
G. Carreras and C. A. Castañeda-Orjuela and O. Chimed-Ochir
and D.-T. Chu and M. T. Chung and A. J. Cohen and K. Compton
and B. Dagnew and X. Dai and L. Dandona and R. Dandona and
F. E. Dean and M. Derbew Molla and A. A. Desta and T. R.
Driscoll and E. J. A. Faraon and P. S. Faris and I. Filip
and F. Fischer and W. Fu and S. Gallus and B. G.
Gebregiorgis and A. Ghashghaee and M. Golechha and K. B.
Gonfa and G. Gorini and B. N. G. Goulart and M. R. Guerra
and N. Hafezi-Nejad and S. Hamidi and S. I. Hay and C.
Herteliu and C. L. Hoang and N. Horita and M. Hostiuc and M.
Househ and I. Iavicoli and I. M. Ilic and M. D. Ilic and S.
S. N. Irvani and F. Islami and A. Kamath and S. Kaur and R.
Khalilov and E. A. Khan and J. M. Kocarnik and B. Kucuk
Bicer and G. A. Kumar and C. La Vecchia and Q. Lan and I.
Landires and S. Lasrado and P. Lauriola and E. Leong and B.
Li and S. S. Lim and A. D. Lopez and A. Majeed and R.
Malekzadeh and N. Manafi and R. G. Menezes and T. Miazgowski
and S. Misra and A. Mohammadian-Hafshejani and S. Mohammed
and A. H. Mokdad and A. Molassiotis and L. Monasta and R.
Moradzadeh and L. Morawska and J. Morgado-da-Costa and S. D.
Morrison and M. D. Naimzada and J. Nazari and C. T. Nguyen
and H. L. T. Nguyen and R. Nikbakhsh and V. Nuñez-Samudio
and A. T. Olagunju and N. Otstavnov and S. S. Otstavnov and
M. P A and A. Pana and E.-K. Park and F. H. Pottoo and A.
Pourshams and M. Rabiee and N. Rabiee and A. Radfar and A.
Rafiei and M. A. Rahman and P. Ram and P. Rathi and D. L.
Rawaf and S. Rawaf and N. Rezaei and N. L. S. Roberts and T.
J. Roberts and L. Ronfani and G. Roshandel and A. M. Samy
and M. M. Santric-Milicevic and B. Sathian and I. J. C.
Schneider and M. Sekerija and S. G. Sepanlou and F. Sha and
M. A. Shaikh and R. Sharma and A. Sheikh and S. Sheikhbahaei
and S. K. Siddappa Malleshappa and J. A. Singh and F. Sitas
and E. E. Spurlock and P. Steiropoulos and R.
Tabarés-Seisdedos and E. G. Tadesse and K. Takahashi and E.
Traini and B. X. Tran and K. B. Tran and R. S. Travillian
and M. Vacante and P. J. Villeneuve and F. S. Violante and
Z. Yousefi and D. Yuce and V. Zadnik and M. Zamanian and K.
Zendehdel and J. Zhang and Z.-J. Zhang and F. Farzadfar and
C. J. L. Murray and M. Naghavi},
collaboration = {GBD 2019 Respiratory Tract {Cancers Collaborators}},
title = {{G}lobal, regional, and national burden of respiratory
tract cancers and associated risk factors from 1990 to 2019:
a systematic analysis for the {G}lobal {B}urden of {D}isease
{S}tudy 2019.},
journal = {The lancet / Respiratory medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {9},
issn = {2213-2600},
address = {Oxford},
publisher = {Elsevier},
reportid = {DKFZ-2021-02119},
pages = {1030 - 1049},
year = {2021},
abstract = {Prevention, control, and treatment of respiratory tract
cancers are important steps towards achieving target 3.4 of
the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-a one-third
reduction in premature mortality due to non-communicable
diseases by 2030. We aimed to provide global, regional, and
national estimates of the burden of tracheal, bronchus, and
lung cancer and larynx cancer and their attributable risks
from 1990 to 2019.Based on the Global Burden of Diseases,
Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 methodology, we
evaluated the incidence, mortality, years lived with
disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted
life-years (DALYs) of respiratory tract cancers (ie,
tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx cancer).
Deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer and larynx
cancer attributable to each risk factor were estimated on
the basis of risk exposure, relative risks, and the
theoretical minimum risk exposure level input from 204
countries and territories, stratified by sex and
Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Trends were estimated from
1990 to 2019, with an emphasis on the 2010-19
period.Globally, there were 2·26 million $(95\%$
uncertainty interval 2·07 to 2·45) new cases of tracheal,
bronchus, and lung cancer, and 2·04 million (1·88 to
2·19) deaths and 45·9 million (42·3 to 49·3) DALYs due
to tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer in 2019. There were
209 000 (194 000 to 225 000) new cases of larynx cancer, and
123 000 (115 000 to 133 000) deaths and 3·26 million (3·03
to 3·51) DALYs due to larynx cancer globally in 2019. From
2010 to 2019, the number of new tracheal, bronchus, and lung
cancer cases increased by $23·3\%$ (12·9 to 33·6)
globally and the number of larynx cancer cases increased by
$24·7\%$ (16·0 to 34·1) globally. Global age-standardised
incidence rates of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer
decreased by $7·4\%$ (-16·8 to 1·6) and age-standardised
incidence rates of larynx cancer decreased by $3·0\%$
(-10·5 to 5·0) in males over the past decade; however,
during the same period, age-standardised incidence rates in
females increased by $0·9\%$ (-8·2 to 10·2) for tracheal,
bronchus, and lung cancer and decreased by $0·5\%$ (-8·4
to 8·1) for larynx cancer. Furthermore, although
age-standardised incidence and death rates declined in both
sexes combined from 2010 to 2019 at the global level for
tracheal, bronchus, lung and larynx cancers, some locations
had rising rates, particularly those on the lower end of the
SDI range. Smoking contributed to an estimated $64·2\%$
(61·9-66·4) of all deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and
lung cancer and $63·4\%$ (56·3-69·3) of all deaths from
larynx cancer in 2019. For males and for both sexes
combined, smoking was the leading specific risk factor for
age-standardised deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung
cancer per 100 000 in all SDI quintiles and GBD regions in
2019. However, among females, household air pollution from
solid fuels was the leading specific risk factor in the low
SDI quintile and in three GBD regions (central, eastern, and
western sub-Saharan Africa) in 2019.The numbers of incident
cases and deaths from tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer
and larynx cancer increased globally during the past decade.
Even more concerning, age-standardised incidence and death
rates due to tracheal, bronchus, lung cancer and larynx
cancer increased in some populations-namely, in the lower
SDI quintiles and among females. Preventive measures such as
smoking control interventions, air quality management
programmes focused on major air pollution sources, and
widespread access to clean energy should be prioritised in
these settings.Bill $\&$ Melinda Gates Foundation.},
keywords = {Global Burden of Disease: methods / Global Burden of
Disease: statistics $\&$ numerical data / Humans / Incidence
/ Respiratory Tract Neoplasms: epidemiology / Risk Factors /
Socioeconomic Factors},
cin = {C070},
ddc = {610},
cid = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331},
pnm = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
pubmed = {pmid:34411511},
pmc = {pmc:PMC8410610},
doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00164-8},
url = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/176877},
}
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