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@ARTICLE{Burigo:178159,
      author       = {L. N. Burigo$^*$ and B. M. Oborn},
      title        = {{I}ntegrated {MRI}-guided proton therapy planning:
                      accounting for the full {MRI} field in a perpendicular
                      system.},
      journal      = {Medical physics},
      volume       = {49},
      issn         = {0094-2405},
      address      = {College Park, Md.},
      publisher    = {AAPM},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-03164},
      pages        = {1853-1873},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {#EA:E040# / 2022 Mar;49(3):1853-1873},
      abstract     = {To present a first study on the treatment planning
                      feasibility in perpendicular field MRI-integrated proton
                      therapy which considers the full transport of protons from
                      the pencil beam scanning assembly to the patient inside the
                      MRI scanner.A generic proton pencil beam scanning (PBS)
                      gantry was modelled as being integrated with a realistic
                      split-bore MRI system in the perpendicular orientation. MRI
                      field strengths were modeled as 0.5 T, 1 T, and 1.5 T.
                      The PBS beam delivery and dose calculation was modeled using
                      the TOPAS Monte Carlo toolkit coupled with matRad as the
                      optimizer engine. A water phantom, liver and prostate plans
                      were evaluated and optimized in the presence of the full MRI
                      field distribution. A simple combination of gantry angle
                      offset and small PBS nozzle skew was used to direct the
                      proton beams along a path that closely follows the reference
                      planning scenario, i.e. without magnetic field.All planning
                      metrics could be successfully achieved with the inclusion of
                      gantry angle offsets in the range of 8°-29° when coupled
                      with a PBS nozzle skew of 1.6°-4.4°. These two hardware
                      based corrections were selected to minimize the average
                      Euclidean distance (AED) in the beam path enabling the
                      proton beams to travel inside the patient in a path that is
                      close to the original path (AED smaller than 3 mm at
                      1.5 T). Final dose optimization, performed through further
                      changes in the pencil beam scanning delivery, was then shown
                      to be feasible for our selection of plans studied yielding
                      comparable plan quality metrics to reference conditions.For
                      the first time, we have shown a robust method to account for
                      the full proton beam deflection in a perpendicular
                      orientation MRI-integrated proton therapy. These results
                      support the ongoing development of the current
                      prototype systems. This article is protected by copyright.
                      All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {MR-guided proton therapy (Other) / magnetic fields (Other)
                      / monte carlo (Other)},
      cin          = {E040},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E040-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34908170},
      doi          = {10.1002/mp.15398},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/178159},
}