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@ARTICLE{Safizadeh:178284,
      author       = {F. Safizadeh$^*$ and T. N. M. Nguyen$^*$ and H. Brenner$^*$
                      and B. Schöttker$^*$},
      title        = {{A}ssociation of {R}enin-{A}ngiotensin-{A}ldosterone
                      {S}ystem inhibition with {C}ovid-19 hospitalization and
                      all-cause mortality in the {UK} {B}iobank.},
      journal      = {British journal of clinical pharmacology},
      volume       = {88},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {0306-5251},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-03231},
      pages        = {2830-2842},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {#EA:C070#LA:C070# / 2022 Jun;88(6):2830-2842},
      abstract     = {With growing evidence on the protective effect of
                      angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and
                      angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in coronavirus disease
                      2019 (Covid-19), we aimed to thoroughly investigate the
                      association between the use of major classes of
                      antihypertensive medications and Covid-19 outcomes in
                      comparison with the use of ACEIs and ARBs.We conducted a
                      population-based study in patients with pre-existing
                      hypertension in the UK Biobank with data from the first two
                      SARS-CoV-2 waves prior population-based vaccination.
                      Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed
                      adjusting for a wide range of confounders.The use of either
                      beta-blockers (BBs), calcium-channel blockers (CCBs), or
                      diuretics was associated with a higher risk of Covid-19
                      hospitalization compared to ACEI use (adjusted OR
                      $(95\%CI):$ 1.66 [1.43-1.93]) and ARB use (1.53
                      [1.30-1.81]). The risk of 28-day mortality among Covid-19
                      patients was also increased among users of BBs, CCBs or
                      diuretics when compared to ACEI users (1.74 [1.30-2.33]) but
                      not when compared to ARB users (1.26 [0.93-1.71]). The
                      association between BB, CCB or diuretics use (compared to
                      ACEI use) and 28-day mortality among hospitalized Covid-19
                      patients narrowly missed statistical significance (1.47
                      [0.99-2.18]) but it was statistically significant when the
                      analysis was restricted to patients hospitalized during the
                      second SARS-CoV-2 wave (1.80 [1.15-2.83]).Our results
                      suggest protective effects of inhibition of the
                      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system on Covid-19
                      hospitalization and mortality, particularly with ACEI, among
                      patients with pharmaceutically treated hypertension. If
                      confirmed by randomized controlled trials, this finding
                      could have high clinical relevance for treating hypertension
                      during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.},
      keywords     = {Covid-19 (Other) / SARS-CoV-2 (Other) / angiotensin
                      receptor blockers (Other) / angiotensin-converting enzyme
                      inhibitors (Other) / hospitalization (Other) / hypertension
                      (Other) / mortality (Other)},
      cin          = {C070},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34935181},
      doi          = {10.1111/bcp.15192},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/178284},
}