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@ARTICLE{Srour:178285,
      author       = {B. Srour$^*$ and R. Kaaks$^*$ and T. Johnson$^*$ and L. C.
                      Hynes$^*$ and T. Kühn$^*$ and V. Katzke$^*$},
      title        = {{A}geing-related markers and risks of cancer and
                      cardiovascular disease: a prospective study in the
                      {EPIC}-{H}eidelberg cohort.},
      journal      = {European journal of epidemiology},
      volume       = {37},
      issn         = {0393-2990},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V.},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-03232},
      pages        = {49–65},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {#EA:C020#LA:C020# / 37, pages 49–65 (2022)},
      abstract     = {Biological age is an important risk factor for chronic
                      diseases. We examined the associations between five markers
                      of unhealthy ageing; Growth Differentiation Factor-15
                      (GDF-15), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide
                      (NT-proBNP), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C), C-Reactive
                      Protein (CRP) and cystatin-C; with risks of cancer and
                      cardiovascular disease (CVD). We used a case-cohort design
                      embedded in the EPIC-Heidelberg cohort, including a
                      subcohort of 3792 participants along with 4867 incident
                      cases of cancer and CVD. Hazard ratios (HRs) were computed
                      and the strongest associations were used to build weighted
                      multi-marker combinations, and their associations with
                      cancer and CVD risks were tested. After adjusting for common
                      confounders, we observed direct associations of GDF-15 with
                      lung cancer risk, NT-proBNP with breast, prostate and
                      colorectal cancers, HbA1C with lung, colorectal, and breast
                      cancer risks, and CRP with lung and colorectal cancer risks.
                      An inverse association was observed for GDF-15 and prostate
                      cancer risk. We also found direct associations of all 5
                      markers with myocardial infarction (MI) risk, and of GDF-15,
                      NT-proBNP, CRP and cystatin-C with stroke risk. A
                      combination of the independently-associated markers showed a
                      moderately strong association with the risks of cancer and
                      CVD (HRQ4-Q1 ranged from 1.78[1.36, 2.34] for breast cancer,
                      when combining NT-proBNP and HbA1C, to 2.87[2.15, 3.83] for
                      MI when combining NT-proBNP, HbA1C, CRP and cystatin-C).
                      This analysis suggests that combinations of biomarkers
                      related to unhealthy ageing show strong associations with
                      cancer risk, and corroborates published evidence on CVD
                      risk. If confirmed in other studies, using these biomarkers
                      could be useful for the identification of individuals at
                      higher risk of age-related diseases.},
      keywords     = {Ageing biomarkers (Other) / Cancer risk (Other) /
                      Cardiovascular disease (Other) / Case-cohort (Other) /
                      NT-proBNP (Other)},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34935094},
      doi          = {10.1007/s10654-021-00828-3},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/178285},
}