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@ARTICLE{Kamp:178308,
      author       = {B. Kamp and M. Frenken and J. M. Henke and D. B. Abrar and
                      A. M. Nagel$^*$ and L. V. Gast and G. Oeltzschner and L. M.
                      Wilms and S. Nebelung and G. Antoch and H.-J. Wittsack and
                      A. Müller-Lutz},
      title        = {{Q}uantification of {S}odium {R}elaxation {T}imes and
                      {C}oncentrations as {S}urrogates of {P}roteoglycan {C}ontent
                      of {P}atellar {CARTILAGE} at 3{T} {MRI}.},
      journal      = {Diagnostics},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {2075-4418},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2021-03255},
      pages        = {2301},
      year         = {2021},
      abstract     = {Sodium MRI has the potential to depict cartilage health
                      accurately, but synovial fluid can influence the estimation
                      of sodium parameters of cartilage. Therefore, this study
                      aimed to reduce the impact of synovial fluid to render the
                      quantitative compositional analyses of cartilage tissue
                      technically more robust. Two dedicated protocols were
                      applied for determining sodium T1 and T2* relaxation times.
                      For each protocol, data were acquired from 10 healthy
                      volunteers and one patient with patellar cartilage damage.
                      Data recorded with multiple repetition times for T1
                      measurement and multi-echo data acquired with an additional
                      inversion recovery pulse for T2* measurement were analysed
                      using biexponential models to differentiate longitudinal
                      relaxation components of cartilage (T1,car) and synovial
                      fluid (T1,syn), and short (T2s*) from long (T2l*)
                      transversal relaxation components. Sodium relaxation times
                      and concentration estimates in patellar cartilage were
                      successfully determined: T1,car = 14.5 ± 0.7 ms; T1,syn =
                      37.9 ± 2.9 ms; c(T1-protocol) = 200 ± 48 mmol/L; T2s* =
                      0.4 ± 0.1 ms; T2l* = 12.6 ± 0.7 ms; c(T2*-protocol) = 215
                      ± 44 mmol/L for healthy volunteers. In conclusion, a robust
                      determination of sodium relaxation times is possible at a
                      clinical field strength of 3T to quantify sodium
                      concentrations, which might be a valuable tool to determine
                      cartilage health.},
      keywords     = {23Na (Other) / Sodium MRI (Other) / biochemical imaging
                      (Other) / cartilage (Other) / fluid suppression (Other) /
                      inversion recovery (Other) / knee (Other) / proteoglycan
                      (Other) / sodium relaxation times (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:34943538},
      doi          = {10.3390/diagnostics11122301},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/178308},
}