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@ARTICLE{Prochazkova:178613,
      author       = {M. Prochazkova and E. Budinska and M. Kuzma and H.
                      Pelantova and J. Hradecky and M. Heczkova and N. Daskova and
                      M. Bratova and I. Modos and P. Videnska and P. Splichalova
                      and S. A. Sowah$^*$ and M. Kralova and M. Henikova and E.
                      Selinger and K. Klima and K. Chalupsky and R. Sedlacek and
                      R. Landberg and T. Kühn and J. Gojda and M. Cahova},
      title        = {{V}egan {D}iet {I}s {A}ssociated {W}ith {F}avorable
                      {E}ffects on the {M}etabolic {P}erformance of {I}ntestinal
                      {M}icrobiota: {A} {C}ross-{S}ectional {M}ulti-{O}mics
                      {S}tudy.},
      journal      = {Frontiers in nutrition},
      volume       = {8},
      issn         = {2296-861X},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-00162},
      pages        = {783302},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Background and Aim: Plant-based diets are associated with
                      potential health benefits, but the contribution of gut
                      microbiota remains to be clarified. We aimed to identify
                      differences in key features of microbiome composition and
                      function with relevance to metabolic health in individuals
                      adhering to a vegan vs. omnivore diet. Methods: This
                      cross-sectional study involved lean, healthy vegans (n = 62)
                      and omnivore (n = 33) subjects. We assessed their glucose
                      and lipid metabolism and employed an integrated multi-omics
                      approach (16S rRNA sequencing, metabolomics profiling) to
                      compare dietary intake, metabolic health, gut microbiome,
                      and fecal, serum, and urine metabolomes. Results: The vegans
                      had more favorable glucose and lipid homeostasis profiles
                      than the omnivores. Long-term reported adherence to a vegan
                      diet affected only $14.8\%$ of all detected bacterial genera
                      in fecal microbiome. However, significant differences in
                      vegan and omnivore metabolomes were observed. In feces,
                      $43.3\%$ of all identified metabolites were significantly
                      different between the vegans and omnivores, such as amino
                      acid fermentation products p-cresol, scatole, indole,
                      methional (lower in the vegans), and polysaccharide
                      fermentation product short- and medium-chain fatty acids
                      (SCFAs, MCFAs), and their derivatives (higher in the
                      vegans). Vegan serum metabolome differed markedly from the
                      omnivores $(55.8\%$ of all metabolites), especially in amino
                      acid composition, such as low BCAAs, high SCFAs (formic-,
                      acetic-, propionic-, butyric acids), and dimethylsulfone,
                      the latter two being potential host microbiome
                      co-metabolites. Using a machine-learning approach, we tested
                      the discriminative power of each dataset. Best results were
                      obtained for serum metabolome (accuracy rate $91.6\%).$
                      Conclusion: While only small differences in the gut
                      microbiota were found between the groups, their metabolic
                      activity differed substantially. In particular, we observed
                      a significantly different abundance of fermentation products
                      associated with protein and carbohydrate intakes in the
                      vegans. Vegans had significantly lower abundances of
                      potentially harmful (such as p-cresol, lithocholic acid,
                      BCAAs, aromatic compounds, etc.) and higher occurrence of
                      potentially beneficial metabolites (SCFAs and their
                      derivatives).},
      keywords     = {metabolic health (Other) / omics signature (Other) /
                      protein fermentation (Other) / short-chain fatty acids
                      (SCFAs) (Other) / vegan diet (Other)},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35071294},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC8777108},
      doi          = {10.3389/fnut.2021.783302},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/178613},
}