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@ARTICLE{Hemminki:178943,
      author       = {K. Hemminki and A. Försti$^*$ and O. Hemminki and V. Liska
                      and A. Hemminki},
      title        = {{L}ong-term incidence and survival trends in cancer of the
                      gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts in {D}enmark,
                      {F}inland, {N}orway and {S}weden with etiological
                      implications related to {T}horotrast.},
      journal      = {International journal of cancer},
      volume       = {151},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0020-7136},
      address      = {Bognor Regis},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-00359},
      pages        = {200-208},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {2022 Jul 15;151(2):200-208},
      abstract     = {Cancers of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts
                      (called here 'GBC' because gallbladder cancer is the main
                      component) are rare in Europe, including the Nordic
                      countries. Their incidence has varied for unknown reasons
                      and we hypothesize that Thorotrast, a previously used
                      carcinogenic radiographic contrast medium, has contributed
                      to the incidence trends. We obtained incidence and survival
                      data from the NORDCAN database, which includes cancer
                      registry data from Denmark (DK), Finland (FI), Norway (NO)
                      and Sweden (SE), which are globally the oldest national
                      cancer databases, starting from 1943 in DK, 1953 in FI and
                      NO and 1960 in SE, and extending to 2016. The incidence
                      trend for GBC showed a broad maximum around 1980 in men
                      (close to 3/100,000) and women (4/100,000), except for NO,
                      where this phenomenon was not seen. In 1955, FI and NO
                      incidence rates were equal but FI rates peaked and later
                      declined similar to DK and SE rates. By 2010, the incidence
                      was similar in all Nordic countries, for both men and women,
                      at close to 2.0/100,000. Birth cohort analysis showed strong
                      effects for countries other than NO. Relative 1-year
                      survival increased for men from $20\%$ to about $50\%$ and
                      similarly for women although at a 5 percentage points lower
                      level. Survival in NO was better than in other countries in
                      the 1980s. Thorotrast, causing a high risk of GBC, was
                      extensively used in the Nordic countries between 1930 and
                      end of 1940s, with the exception of NO, where these was no
                      documented use. These data suggest that Thorotrast
                      influenced GBC epidemiology and probably worsened survival
                      in certain periods. This article is protected by copyright.
                      All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {Hepatobiliary carcinoma (Other) / gallbladder cancer
                      (Other) / incidence trend (Other) / relative survival
                      (Other) / risk factors (Other)},
      cin          = {B062 / HD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)B062-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {312 - Funktionelle und strukturelle Genomforschung
                      (POF4-312)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-312},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35213036},
      doi          = {10.1002/ijc.33980},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/178943},
}