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@ARTICLE{Hemminki:179731,
      author       = {K. Hemminki$^*$ and A. Kanerva and A. Försti$^*$ and A.
                      Hemminki},
      title        = {{C}ervical, vaginal and vulvar cancer incidence and
                      survival trends in {D}enmark, {F}inland, {N}orway and
                      {S}weden with implications to treatment.},
      journal      = {BMC cancer},
      volume       = {22},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1471-2407},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-00863},
      pages        = {456},
      year         = {2022},
      abstract     = {Incidence of cervical cancer has been reduced by organized
                      screening while for vaginal and vulvar cancers no systematic
                      screening has been implemented. All these cancers are
                      associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. We
                      wanted to analyze incidence trends and relative survival in
                      these cancers with specific questions about the possible
                      covariation of incidence, survival changes coinciding with
                      incidence changes and the role of treatment in survival. We
                      used nationwide cancer registry data for Denmark (DK),
                      Finland (FI), Norway (NO) and Sweden (SE) to address these
                      questions.We use the NORDCAN database for the analyses:
                      incidence data were available from 1943 in DK, 1953 in FI
                      and NO and 1960 in SE, through 2016. Survival data were
                      available from 1967 through 2016. World standard population
                      was used in age standardization.In each country the
                      incidence of cervical cancer declined subsequent to rolling
                      out of screening activities. The attained plateau incidence
                      was lowest at 4/100,000 in FI and highest at 10/100,000 in
                      DK and NO. The incidence of vaginal and vulvar cancer
                      remained relatively constant at about 2/100,000. Relative
                      1-year survival in cervical cancer improved in all countries
                      from low $80\%s$ to high $80\%s$ in the 50-year period, and
                      5-year survival improved also but at $20\%$ units lower
                      level. Survival gains were found only in patients diagnosed
                      before age 60 years. Survival in vaginal and vulvar cancer
                      followed the same patterns but at a few $\%$ units lower
                      level.Cervical cancer screening appeared to have reached its
                      limits in the Nordic countries by year 2000. Novel
                      treatments, such as immunotherapy, would be needed to
                      improve survival until HPV vaccination will reach population
                      coverage and boost the global fight against these cancers.},
      keywords     = {Denmark: epidemiology / Early Detection of Cancer / Female
                      / Finland: epidemiology / Humans / Incidence / Middle Aged /
                      Norway: epidemiology / Papillomavirus Infections / Sweden:
                      epidemiology / Uterine Cervical Neoplasms: prevention $\&$
                      control / Uterine Cervical Neoplasms: therapy / Vulvar
                      Neoplasms: epidemiology / Vulvar Neoplasms: therapy /
                      Age-specific incidence (Other) / Human papilloma virus
                      (Other) / Incidence trends (Other) / Relative survival
                      (Other) / Risk factors (Other)},
      cin          = {B062 / HD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)B062-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {312 - Funktionelle und strukturelle Genomforschung
                      (POF4-312)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-312},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35473606},
      doi          = {10.1186/s12885-022-09582-5},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/179731},
}