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@ARTICLE{Eichkorn:180375,
      author       = {T. Eichkorn and C. Karger$^*$ and S. Brons and S. A.
                      Koerber and T. Mielke and T. Haberer and J. Debus$^*$ and K.
                      Herfarth},
      title        = {{R}esults of a prospective randomized trial on long-term
                      effectiveness of protons and carbon ions in prostate cancer:
                      {LEM} {I} and α/β=2{G}y overestimates the {RBE}.},
      journal      = {Radiotherapy and oncology},
      volume       = {173},
      issn         = {0167-8140},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-01289},
      pages        = {223-230},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {2022 Jun 14;173:223-230},
      abstract     = {To analyze the long-term effectiveness of carbon ions
                      relative to protons in the prospective randomized controlled
                      ion prostate irradiation (IPI) trial.Effectiveness via PSA
                      assessment in a randomized study on prostate irradiation
                      with 20x3.3Gy(RBE) protons versus carbon ions was analyzed
                      in 92 patients. Proton RBE was based on a fixed RBE of 1.1
                      while the local effect model (LEM) I and an α/β=2Gy was
                      used for carbon ions. The dose in the prostate was
                      recalculated based on the delivered treatment plan using LEM
                      I and LEM IV and different α/β values.Five-year overall
                      and progression free survival was $98\%$ and $85\%$ with
                      protons and $91\%$ and $50\%$ with carbon ions,
                      respectively, with the latter being unexpectedly low
                      compared to Japanese carbon ion data and rather
                      corresponding to a photon dose <72 Gy in 2 Gy fractions.
                      According to LEM I and the applied α/β-value of 2Gy, the
                      applied carbon ion dose in 2 Gy(RBE) fractions (EQD2) was
                      87.46 Gy(RBE). Recalculations confirmed a strong dependence
                      of RBE-weighted dose on the α/β ratio as well as on the
                      RBE-model.The data demonstrate a significant lower
                      effectiveness of the calculated RBE-weighted dose in the
                      carbon ion as compared to the proton arm. LEM I and an α/β
                      = 2 Gy overestimates the RBE for carbon ions in prostate
                      cancer treatment. Adjusting the biological dose calculation
                      by using LEM I with α/β=4 Gy could be a pragmatic way to
                      safely escalate dose in carbon ion radiotherapy for prostate
                      cancer.},
      keywords     = {Carbon ion and proton radiotherapy (Other) / Local effect
                      model (LEM) (Other) / Prostate cancer (Other) / Relative
                      biological effectiveness (RBE) (Other) / α/β ratio
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {E040 / E050 / HD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E040-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E050-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35714806},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.radonc.2022.06.006},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/180375},
}