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@ARTICLE{Alvarez:180821,
author = {E. M. Alvarez and L. M. Force and R. Xu and K. Compton and
D. Lu and H. J. Henrikson and J. M. Kocarnik and J. D.
Harvey and A. Pennini and F. E. Dean and W. Fu and M. T.
Vargas and T. H. M. Keegan and H. Ariffin and R. D. Barr and
Y. A. Erdomaeva and D. S. Gunasekera and Y. O. John-Akinola
and T. G. Ketterl and T. Kutluk and M. H. Malogolowkin and
P. Mathur and V. Radhakrishnan and L. A. G. Ries and C.
Rodriguez-Galindo and G. B. Sagoyan and I. Sultan and B.
Abbasi and M. Abbasi-Kangevari and Z. Abbasi-Kangevari and
H. Abbastabar and M. Abdelmasseh and S. Abd-Elsalam and A.
Abdoli and H. Abebe and A. Abedi and H. Abidi and H.
Abolhassani and H. Abubaker Ali and E. Abu-Gharbieh and B.
Achappa and J. M. Acuna and I. A. Adedeji and O. A. Adegboye
and Q. E. S. Adnani and S. M. Advani and M. S. Afzal and M.
Aghaie Meybodi and B. Ahadinezhad and B. O. Ahinkorah and S.
Ahmad and S. Ahmadi and M. B. Ahmed and T. Ahmed Rashid and
Y. Ahmed Salih and W. Aiman and G. T. Akalu and H. Al Hamad
and F. Alahdab and A. A. AlAmodi and F. M. Alanezi and T. M.
Alanzi and A. Z. Alem and D. T. Alem and Y. Alemayehu and F.
N. Alhalaiqa and R. K. Alhassan and S. Ali and G. Alicandro
and V. Alipour and S. M. Aljunid and M. Alkhayyat and S.
Alluri and N. A. Almasri and S. A. Al-Maweri and S.
Almustanyir and R. M. Al-Raddadi and N. Alvis-Guzman and E.
K. Ameyaw and S. Amini and H. Amu and R. Ancuceanu and C. L.
Andrei and T. Andrei and F. Ansari and A. Ansari-Moghaddam
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and A. Aryannejad and Z. Asemi and M. Asghari Jafarabadi and
M. R. Atashzar and P. Atorkey and A. Atreya and S. Attia and
A. Aujayeb and M. Ausloos and L. Avila-Burgos and A. F.
Awedew and B. P. Ayala Quintanilla and A. D. Ayele and S. S.
Ayen and M. A. Azab and S. Azadnajafabad and H. Azami and M.
Azangou-Khyavy and A. Azari Jafari and G. Azarian and A. Y.
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Baker and M. Banach and T. W. Bärnighausen and F.
Barone-Adesi and F. Barra and A. Barrow and H. Basaleem and
A. M. Batiha and M. Behzadifar and N. C. Bekele and R.
Belete and U. I. Belgaumi and A. W. Bell and A. Y. Berhie
and D. S. Bhagat and A. S. Bhagavathula and N. Bhardwaj and
P. Bhardwaj and S. Bhaskar and K. Bhattacharyya and V. S.
Bhojaraja and S. Bibi and A. Bijani and A. Biondi and S.
Birara and T. Bjørge and O. A. Bolarinwa and S. R. Bolla
and A. Boloor and D. Braithwaite and H. Brenner$^*$ and N.
B. Bulamu and K. Burkart and M. T. Bustamante-Teixeira and
N. S. Butt and Z. A. Butt and F. L. Caetano dos Santos and
C. Cao and Y. Cao and G. Carreras and F. Catalá-López and
F. Cembranel and E. Cerin and R. C. Chakinala and P. A.
Chakraborty and V. K. Chattu and P. Chaturvedi and A.
Chaurasia and P. P. Chavan and O. Chimed-Ochir and J. J.
Choi and D. J. Christopher and D.-T. Chu and M. T. Chung and
J. Conde and V. M. Costa and O. B. Da'ar and O. Dadras and
S. M. A. Dahlawi and X. Dai and G. Damiani and E. D'Amico
and L. Dandona and R. Dandona and P. Daneshpajouhnejad and
A. H. Darwish and A. Daryani and F. P. De la Hoz and S. A.
Debela and T. G. G. Demie and G. D. Demissie and Z. G.
Demissie and E. Denova-Gutiérrez and M. Derbew Molla and R.
Desai and A. A. Desta and D. Dhamnetiya and S. D.
Dharmaratne and M. L. Dhimal and M. Dhimal and M.
Dianatinasab and M. Didehdar and M. Diress and S. Djalalinia
and H. P. Do and S. Doaei and F. Dorostkar and W. M. dos
Santos and T. M. Drake and M. Ekholuenetale and I. El Sayed
and M. El Sayed Zaki and M. El Tantawi and H. El-Abid and M.
A. Elbahnasawy and I. Elbarazi and H. R. Elhabashy and M.
Elhadi and S. I. El-Jaafary and D. B. Enyew and R.
Erkhembayar and B. Eshrati and S. Eskandarieh and M.
Faisaluddin and J. Fares and U. Farooque and A. O. Fasanmi
and W. Fatima and J. M. P. Ferreira de Oliveira and S.
Ferrero and L. Ferro Desideri and G. Fetensa and I. Filip
and F. Fischer and J. L. Fisher and M. Foroutan and T.
Fukumoto and P. A. Gaal and M. M. Gad and P. Gaewkhiew and
S. Gallus and T. Garg and T. G. Gebremeskel and B. N. B.
Gemeda and T. Getachew and M. Ghafourifard and S.-H. Ghamari
and A. Ghashghaee and F. Ghassemi and N. Ghith and A.
Gholami and J. Gholizadeh Navashenaq and S. A. Gilani and T.
G. Ginindza and A. T. Gizaw and J. C. Glasbey and A. Goel
and M. Golechha and P. Goleij and D. Golinelli and S. V.
Gopalani and G. Gorini and H. Goudarzi and B. N. G. Goulart
and A. Grada and M. I. M. Gubari and M. R. Guerra and A.
Guha and B. Gupta and S. Gupta and V. B. Gupta and V. K.
Gupta and R. Haddadi and N. Hafezi-Nejad and A. Hailu and A.
Haj-Mirzaian and R. Halwani and R. R. Hamadeh and M. T.
Hambisa and S. Hameed and S. Hamidi and S. Haque and S.
Hariri and J. M. Haro and A. I. Hasaballah and S. M. M.
Hasan and S. M. Hashemi and T. S. Hassan and S. Hassanipour
and S. I. Hay and K. Hayat and S. H. Hebo and G. Heidari and
M. Heidari and B. Y. Herrera-Serna and C. Herteliu and D. Z.
Heyi and K. Hezam and M. K. Hole and R. Holla and N. Horita
and M. M. Hossain and M. B. Hossain and M.-S. Hosseini and
M. Hosseini and A. Hosseinzadeh and M. Hosseinzadeh and M.
Hostiuc and S. Hostiuc and M. Househ and M. Hsairi and J.
Huang and N. R. Hussein and B.-F. Hwang and S. E. Ibitoye
and O. S. Ilesanmi and I. M. Ilic and M. D. Ilic and K.
Innos and L. M. Irham and R. M. Islam and S. M. S. Islam and
N. E. Ismail and G. Isola and M. Iwagami and L. Jacob and F.
Jadidi-Niaragh and V. Jain and M. Jakovljevic and R.
Janghorban and A. Javadi Mamaghani and S. Jayaram and R.
Jayawardena and S. B. Jazayeri and R. Jebai and R. P. Jha
and T. Joo and N. Joseph and F. Joukar and M. Jürisson and
B. Kaambwa and A. Kabir and L. R. Kalankesh and F. Kaliyadan
and Z. Kamal and A. Kamath and H. Kandel and S. S. Kar and
I. M. Karaye and A. Karimi and B. G. Kassa and J. H.
Kauppila and P. M. Kemp Bohan and A. P. Kengne and A. A.
Kerbo and M. Keykhaei and Y. S. Khader and H. Khajuria and
N. Khalili and N. Khalili and E. A. Khan and G. Khan and M.
Khan and M. N. Khan and M. A. Khan and J. Khanali and M.
Khayamzadeh and O. Khosravizadeh and J. Khubchandani and R.
Khundkar and M. S. Kim and Y. J. Kim and A. Kisa and S. Kisa
and K. Kissimova-Skarbek and A.-A. Kolahi and J. A. Kopec
and R. Koteeswaran and S. L. Koulmane Laxminarayana and A.
Koyanagi and N. Kugbey and G. A. Kumar and N. Kumar and A.
Kwarteng and C. La Vecchia and Q. Lan and I. Landires and S.
Lasrado and P. Lauriola and C. Ledda and S.-w. Lee and W.-C.
Lee and Y. Y. Lee and Y. H. Lee and J. Leigh and E. Leong
and B. Li and J. Li and M.-C. Li and S. S. Lim and X. Liu
and S. W. Lobo and J. A. Loureiro and A. Lugo and R.
Lunevicius and H. Magdy Abd El Razek and M. Magdy Abd El
Razek and M. Mahmoudi and A. Majeed and A. Makki and S. Male
and M.-R. Malekpour and R. Malekzadeh and A. A. Malik and M.
A. Mamun and N. Manafi and F. Mansour-Ghanaei and B.
Mansouri and M. A. Mansournia and S. Martini and S. Z.
Masoumi and C. N. Matei and M. R. Mathur and C. McAlinden
and R. Mehrotra and W. Mendoza and R. G. Menezes and A. A.
Mentis and T. J. Meretoja and A. G. Mersha and M. K.
Mesregah and T. Mestrovic and J. Miao Jonasson and B.
Miazgowski and I. M. Michalek and T. R. Miller and A. B.
Mingude and S. Mirmoeeni and H. Mirzaei and S. Misra and P.
Mithra and K. A. Mohammad and M. Mohammadi and S. M.
Mohammadi and A. Mohammadian-Hafshejani and R.
Mohammadpourhodki and A. Mohammed and S. Mohammed and T. A.
Mohammed and N. Moka and A. H. Mokdad and M. Molokhia and S.
Momtazmanesh and L. Monasta and M. A. Moni and G. Moradi and
Y. Moradi and M. Moradzadeh and R. Moradzadeh and P. Moraga
and S. D. Morrison and E. Mostafavi and A. Mousavi Khaneghah
and C. Mpundu-Kaambwa and S. Mubarik and L. Mwanri and A. F.
Nabhan and S. P. Nagaraju and C. Nagata and M. Naghavi and
M. D. Naimzada and L. Naldi and V. Nangia and A. A. Naqvi
and S. Narasimha Swamy and A. I. Narayana and B. P. Nayak
and V. C. Nayak and J. Nazari and S. O. Nduaguba and I.
Negoi and S. M. Negru and S. A. Nejadghaderi and S. Nepal
and S. Neupane Kandel and H. A. Nggada and C. T. Nguyen and
C. A. Nnaji and H. Nosrati and H. Nouraei and A. Nowroozi
and V. Nuñez-Samudio and V. E. Nwatah and C. I. Nzoputam
and B. Oancea and O. O. Odukoya and A. S. Oguntade and I.-H.
Oh and A. T. Olagunju and T. O. Olagunju and B. O. Olakunde
and M. M. Oluwasanu and E. Omar and A. Omar Bali and S. Ong
and O. E. Onwujekwe and D. V. Ortega-Altamirano and N.
Otstavnov and S. S. Otstavnov and B. Oumer and M. O. Owolabi
and M. P A and A. Padron-Monedero and J. R. Padubidri and K.
Pakshir and A. Pana and A. Pandey and S. Pardhan and F.
Pashazadeh Kan and M. Pasovic and J. R. Patel and S. Pati
and S. M. Pattanshetty and U. Paudel and R. B. Pereira and
M. F. P. Peres and A. Perianayagam and M. J. Postma and H.
Pourjafar and A. Pourshams and A. Prashant and T. Pulakunta
and M. M. F. F. Qadir and M. Rabiee and N. Rabiee and A.
Radfar and R. A. Radhakrishnan and A. Rafiee and A. Rafiei
and S. Rafiei and F. Rahim and S. Rahimzadeh and M. Rahman
and M. A. Rahman and A. M. Rahmani and A. Rajesh and V.
Ramezani-Doroh and K. Ranabhat and P. Ranasinghe and C. R.
Rao and S. J. Rao and S. Rashedi and M. Rashidi and M.-M.
Rashidi and G. K. Rath and D. L. Rawaf and S. Rawaf and L.
Rawal and R. Rawassizadeh and M. S. Razeghinia and M. T.
Regasa and A. M. N. Renzaho and M. Rezaei and N. Rezaei and
N. Rezaei and M. Rezaeian and A. Rezapour and S.
Rezazadeh-Khadem and A. Riad and L. E. Rios Lopez and J. A.
B. Rodriguez and L. Ronfani and G. Roshandel and G. M.
Rwegerera and M. M. Saber-Ayad and S. Sabour and B. Saddik
and E. Sadeghi and S. Sadeghian and U. Saeed and A. Sahebkar
and K. Saif-Ur-Rahman and S. M. Sajadi and S. Salahi and S.
Salehi and M. R. Salem and H. Salimzadeh and A. M. Samy and
J. Sanabria and F. Sanmarchi and A. Sarveazad and B. Sathian
and M. Sawhney and S. M. Sawyer and M. Saylan and I. J. C.
Schneider and A.-A. Seidu and M. Šekerija and E. G. Sendo
and S. G. Sepanlou and A. Seylani and K. Seyoum and F. Sha
and O. Shafaat and M. A. Shaikh and E. Shamsoddin and M.
Shannawaz and R. Sharma and S. Sheikhbahaei and A. Shetty
and B. S. K. Shetty and P. H. Shetty and J. I. Shin and R.
Shirkoohi and K. M. Shivakumar and P. Shobeiri and S.
Siabani and M. M. Sibhat and S. K. Siddappa Malleshappa and
N. B. Sidemo and D. A. S. Silva and G. Silva Julian and A.
D. Singh and J. A. Singh and J. K. Singh and S. Singh and A.
H. Sinke and Y. Sintayehu and V. Y. Skryabin and A. A.
Skryabina and L. Smith and A. Sofi-Mahmudi and M. S.
Soltani-Zangbar and S. Song and E. E. Spurlock and P.
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and R. Suliankatchi Abdulkader and S. Sultana and V.
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M. Tampa and K.-K. Tan and V. Y. Tat and A. Tavakoli and A.
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Tesfay and B. Tesfaye and J. S. Thakur and R. Thapar and A.
Thavamani and A. Thiyagarajan and N. Thomas and R. Tobe-Gai
and M. Togtmol and S. A. Tohidast and H. R. Tohidinik and M.
A. Tolani and D. N. Tollosa and M. Touvier and M. R.
Tovani-Palone and E. Traini and B. X. Tran and M. T. N. Tran
and J. P. Tripathy and B. S. Tusa and G. G. Ukke and I.
Ullah and S. Ullah and K. K. Umapathi and B. Unnikrishnan
and E. Upadhyay and T. W. Ushula and M. Vacante and S.
Valadan Tahbaz and S. B. Varthya and M. Veroux and P. J.
Villeneuve and F. S. Violante and V. Vlassov and G. T. Vu
and Y. Waheed and N. Wang and P. Ward and A. B. Weldesenbet
and Y. F. Wen and R. Westerman and A. S. Winkler and B. L.
Wubishet and S. Xu and S. H. Yahyazadeh Jabbari and L. Yang
and S. Yaya and V. Yazdi-Feyzabadi and T. S. Yazie and S. S.
Yehualashet and A. Yeshaneh and Y. Yeshaw and B. W. Yirdaw
and N. Yonemoto and M. Z. Younis and Z. Yousefi and C. Yu
and I. Yunusa and V. Zadnik and M. Zahir and T. Zahirian
Moghadam and M. Zamani and M. Zamanian and H. Zandian and F.
Zare and M. S. Zastrozhin and A. Zastrozhina and J. Zhang
and Z.-J. Zhang and A. Ziapour and M. Zoladl and C. J. L.
Murray and C. Fitzmaurice and A. Bleyer and N. Bhakta},
title = {{T}he global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in
2019: a systematic analysis for the {G}lobal {B}urden of
{D}isease {S}tudy 2019},
journal = {The lancet / Oncology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
issn = {1470-2045},
address = {London},
publisher = {The Lancet Publ. Group},
reportid = {DKFZ-2022-01577},
pages = {27 - 52},
year = {2022},
abstract = {Background.In estimating the global burden of cancer,
adolescents and young adults with cancer are often
overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique
epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact.
Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in
adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are
lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the
Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study
(GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of
disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global
cancer control measures in adolescents and young
adults.Methods.Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international
mortality data were collected from vital registration
systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer
registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios
(MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and
corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated
using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights
to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life
lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths
multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of
death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and
YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by
Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked
and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates
were presented with corresponding $95\%$ uncertainty
intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of
15–39 years to define adolescents and young
adults.Findings.There were 1·19 million $(95\%$ UI
1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000
(370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people
aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest
age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6
[54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle
SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000
person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality
rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9–15·6] per
100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6
[12·6–14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In
2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5
million (21·9–25·2) DALYs to the global burden of
disease, of which $2·7\%$ (1·9–3·6) came from YLDs and
$97·3\%$ (96·4–98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth
leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in
adolescents and young adults
globally.Interpretation.Adolescent and young adult cancers
contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and
young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results
provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of
the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the
world. With notable differences observed across SDI
settings, these estimates can inform global and
country-level cancer control efforts.},
cin = {C070},
ddc = {610},
cid = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331},
pnm = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
pubmed = {pmid:34871551},
doi = {10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00581-7},
url = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/180821},
}
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