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@ARTICLE{Oberste:181264,
      author       = {M. Oberste and P. Hartig and W. Bloch and B. Elsner and
                      H.-G. Predel and B. Ernst and P. Zimmer$^*$},
      title        = {{C}ontrol {G}roup {P}aradigms in {S}tudies {I}nvestigating
                      {A}cute {E}ffects of {E}xercise on {C}ognitive
                      {P}erformance-{A}n {E}xperiment on {E}xpectation-{D}riven
                      {P}lacebo {E}ffects.},
      journal      = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
      volume       = {11},
      issn         = {1662-5161},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-01907},
      pages        = {600},
      year         = {2017},
      note         = {POF Topic: 317},
      abstract     = {Introduction: Many studies report improvements in cognitive
                      performance following acute endurance exercise compared to
                      control group treatment. These cognitive benefits are
                      interpreted as a result of a physiological response to
                      exercise. However, it was also hypothesized that
                      expectation-driven placebo effects account for these
                      positive effects. The purpose of this study was to
                      investigate the differences between expectations for
                      cognitive benefits toward acute endurance exercise and
                      multiple control group treatments. Methods: Healthy
                      individuals (N = 247, 24.26 ± 3.88 years) were randomized
                      to eight different groups watching videos of a moderate, a
                      vigorous exercise treatment or one control group treatment
                      (waiting, reading, video-watching, stretching, myofascial
                      release workout, and very light exercise). Then, they were
                      introduced to three commonly used cognitive test procedures
                      in acute exercise-cognition research (Stroop-test,
                      Trail-Making-test, Free-recall-task). Participants rated the
                      effect they would expect on their performance in those
                      tasks, if they had received the treatment shortly before the
                      task, on an 11-point Likert scale. Results: No significantly
                      different expectations for cognitive benefits toward acute
                      moderate exercise and control group treatments could be
                      revealed. Participants expected significantly worse
                      performance following vigorous exercise compared to
                      following waiting and stretching for all cognitive tests.
                      Significantly worse performance after vigorous exercise
                      compared to after very light exercise was expected for
                      Stroop and Free-recall. For Free-recall, participants
                      expected worse performance after vigorous exercise compared
                      to myofascial release training as well. Conclusion: Our
                      results indicate that expectation-driven placebo effects are
                      unlikely to cause the reported greater cognitive
                      improvements following acute moderate and vigorous endurance
                      exercise compared to following common control group
                      treatments.},
      keywords     = {acute exercise (Other) / cognition (Other) / control group
                      (Other) / expectation (Other) / memory (Other) / placebo
                      effect (Other)},
      cin          = {G210},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)G210-20160331},
      pnm          = {317 - Translational cancer research (POF3-317)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-317},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29276483},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC5727042},
      doi          = {10.3389/fnhum.2017.00600},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/181264},
}