000181822 001__ 181822 000181822 005__ 20240229145657.0 000181822 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1007/s00066-022-02002-4 000181822 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:36149438 000181822 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0179-7158 000181822 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1439-099X 000181822 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:136339492 000181822 037__ $$aDKFZ-2022-02237 000181822 041__ $$aEnglish 000181822 082__ $$a610 000181822 1001_ $$00000-0001-5057-6065$$aMattke, Matthias$$b0 000181822 245__ $$aProton and carbon ion beam treatment with active raster scanning method in 147 patients with skull base chordoma at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center-a single-center experience. 000181822 260__ $$aHeidelberg$$bSpringer Medizin$$c2023 000181822 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000181822 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000181822 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1675339695_2343 000181822 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000181822 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000181822 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000181822 500__ $$a#LA:E050# /2023 Feb;199(2):160-168 000181822 520__ $$aThis study aimed to compare the results of irradiation with protons versus irradiation with carbon ions in a raster scan technique in patients with skull base chordomas and to identify risk factors that may compromise treatment results.A total of 147 patients (85 men, 62 women) were irradiated with carbon ions (111 patients) or protons (36 patients) with a median dose of 66 Gy (RBE (Relative biological effectiveness); carbon ions) in 4 weeks or 74 Gy (RBE; protons) in 7 weeks at the Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT) in Heidelberg, Germany. The median follow-up time was 49.3 months. All patients had gross residual disease at the beginning of RT. Compression of the brainstem was present in 38%, contact without compression in 18%, and no contact but less than 3 mm distance in 16%. Local control and overall survival were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier Method based on scheduled treatment (protons vs. carbon ions) and compared via the log rank test. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify possible prognostic factors.During the follow-up, 41 patients (27.9%) developed a local recurrence. The median follow-up time was 49.3 months (95% CI: 40.8-53.8; reverse Kaplan-Meier median follow-up time 56.3 months, 95% CI: 51.9-60.7). No significant differences between protons and carbon ions were observed regarding LC, OS, or overall toxicity. The 1‑year, 3‑year, and 5‑year LC rates were 97%, 80%, and 61% (protons) and 96%, 80%, and 65% (carbon ions), respectively. The corresponding OS rates were 100%, 92%, and 92% (protons) and 99%, 91%, and 83% (carbon ions). No significant prognostic factors for LC or OS could be determined regarding the whole cohort; however, a significantly improved LC could be observed if the tumor was > 3 mm distant from the brainstem in patients presenting in a primary situation.Outcomes of proton and carbon ion treatment of skull base chordomas seem similar regarding tumor control, survival, and toxicity. 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