TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Haofan
AU  - Zhu, Anna
AU  - Liu, Linxin
AU  - Zeng, Yi
AU  - Liu, Riyang
AU  - Ma, Zongwei
AU  - Liu, Miaomiao
AU  - Bi, Jun
AU  - Ji, John S
TI  - Assessing the effects of ultraviolet radiation, residential greenness and air pollution on vitamin D levels: A longitudinal cohort study in China.
JO  - Environment international
VL  - 169
SN  - 0160-4120
CY  - Amsterdam [u.a.]
PB  - Elsevier Science
M1  - DKFZ-2022-02262
SP  - 107523
PY  - 2022
AB  - Vitamin D metabolism is essential in aging and can be affected by multiple environmental factors. However, most studies conducted single exposure analyses. We aim to assess the individual and combined effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, residential greenness, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and ozone (O3) on vitamin D levels in a national cohort study of older adults in China. We used the 2012 and 2014 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey data, and measured the environmental exposure in the same year. We interpolated the UV radiation from monitoring stations, measured residential greenness through satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), modeled PM2.5 with satellite data, and estimated O3 using machine learning. We dichotomized serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), the primary circulating form of vitamin D, into non-deficiency (≥50 nmol/L) and deficiency (<50 nmol/L) categories. We used the generalized estimating equation for analysis, adjusted for sociodemographic information, lifestyle, physical condition, and season of blood draw, and calculated joint odds ratios based on the Cumulative Risk Index. We also explored the interaction between interested exposures, modification of participants' characteristics, and potential mediation. We included 1,336 participants, with a mean age of 83 at baseline. In single exposure models, the odds ratios of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) for per interquartile range increase in UV radiation, NDVI, PM2.5, and O3 and decrease were 0.39 (95 
KW  - Air pollution (Other)
KW  - Green space (Other)
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation (Other)
KW  - Vitamin D deficiency (Other)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:36137427
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107523
UR  - https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/181847
ER  -