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@ARTICLE{Hemminki:181972,
      author       = {K. Hemminki$^*$ and K. Sundquist and J. Sundquist and A.
                      Försti$^*$ and V. Liska and A. Hemminki and X. Li},
      title        = {{P}ersonal {C}omorbidities and their {S}ubsequent {R}isks
                      for {L}iver, {G}allbladder and {B}ile {D}uct {C}ancers.},
      journal      = {International journal of cancer},
      volume       = {152},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {0020-7136},
      address      = {Bognor Regis},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-02334},
      pages        = {1107-1114},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {#EA:C020# / 2023 Mar 15;152(6):1107-1114},
      abstract     = {Many environmental risk factors for hepatobiliary cancers
                      are known but whether they are associated with specific
                      cancer types is unclear. We present here a novel approach of
                      assessing standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of previously
                      diagnosed comorbidities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),
                      gallbladder cancer (GBC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and
                      ampullary cancer. The 13 comorbidities included alcohol and
                      non-alcohol related liver disease, chronic obstructive
                      pulmonary disease, gallstone disease, viral and other kinds
                      of hepatitis, infection of bile ducts, hepatic and other
                      autoimmune diseases, obesity and diabetes. Patients were
                      identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register from 1987 to
                      2018, and their cancers were followed from 1997 onwards.
                      SIRs for HCC were 80-100 in men and women diagnosed with
                      hepatitis C virus and they were also > 10 in patients
                      diagnosed with hepatitis B virus, other kind of hepatitis,
                      hepatic autoimmune disease and non-alcohol related liver
                      disease. Many of these risks, as well as alcohol related
                      liver disease, were either specific to HCC or were shared
                      with intrahepatic CCA. For GBC, CCA and ampullary cancer
                      infection of bile ducts was the main risk factor. Gallstone
                      disease, non-hepatic autoimmune diseases and diabetes were
                      associated with all hepatobiliary cancers. The limitations
                      of the study include inability to cover some rare risk
                      factors and limited follow-up time. Many of the considered
                      comorbidities are characterized by chronic inflammation
                      and/or overt immune disturbance in autoimmune diseases. The
                      results suggest that local chronic inflammation and a
                      related immune disturbance is the carcinogenic trigger for
                      all these cancers. This article is protected by copyright.
                      All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {Hepatocellular carcinoma (Other) / alcohol (Other) /
                      comorbidity (Other) / familial risk (Other) / risk factor
                      (Other) / smoking (Other)},
      cin          = {C020 / HD01 / B062},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)B062-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:36196489},
      doi          = {10.1002/ijc.34308},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/181972},
}