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@ARTICLE{Hger:181981,
      author       = {S. A. Höger and L. V. Gast and B. Marty and T. Hotfiel and
                      S. Bickelhaupt and M. Uder and R. Heiss and A. Nagel$^*$},
      title        = {{S}odium (23 {N}a) and {Q}uantitative {H}ydrogen (1 {H})
                      {P}arameter {C}hanges in {M}uscle {T}issue after {E}ccentric
                      {E}xercise and in {D}elayed-{O}nset {M}uscle {S}oreness
                      ({DOMS}) assessed with {M}agnetic {R}esonance {I}maging
                      ({MRI}).},
      journal      = {NMR in biomedicine},
      volume       = {36},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0952-3480},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-02341},
      pages        = {e4840},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {#LA:E020# / 2023 Feb;36(2):e4840},
      abstract     = {To assess sodium (23 Na) and quantitative proton (1 H)
                      parameter changes in muscle tissue with magnetic resonance
                      imaging (MRI) after eccentric exercise and in delayed-onset
                      muscle soreness (DOMS).Fourteen participants (mean age:
                      25±4 years) underwent 23 Na/1 H MRI of the calf muscle on a
                      3 Tesla MRI system before exercise(t0), directly after
                      eccentric exercise (t1) and 48 hours post-intervention (t2).
                      In addition to tissue sodium concentration (TSC),
                      intracellular-weighted sodium (ICwS) signal was acquired
                      using a 3D density-adapted radial projection readout
                      (DA-3DPR) with an additional inversion recovery (IR)
                      preparation module. Phantoms containing saline solution
                      served as references to quantify sodium concentrations. The
                      1 H MRI protocol consisted of a T1 -weighted turbo-spin-echo
                      (TSE) sequence, a T2 -weighted turbo inversion recovery
                      (TIRM), as well as water T2 mapping and water T1 mapping.
                      Additionally, blood serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were
                      assessed at baseline and 48 hours after exercise.The TSC and
                      ICwS of exercised muscles increased significantly from t0 to
                      t1 and decreased significantly from t1 to t2. In the soleus
                      muscle (SM), ICwS decreased below baseline values at t2. In
                      the tibialis anterior muscle (TA), TSC and ICwS remained at
                      baseline levels at each measurement point. However, high-CK
                      participants (i.e., participants with a more than 10-fold CK
                      increase, n = 3) showed a different behavior, with 2- to
                      4-fold increases in TSC values in the medial gastrocnemius
                      muscle (MGM) at t2. 1 H water T1 relaxation times increased
                      significantly after 48 hours in the MGM and SM. 1 H water T2
                      relaxation times and muscle volume increased in the MGM at
                      t2.Sodium MRI parameters and water relaxation times peaked
                      at different points. Whereas water relaxation times were
                      highest at t2, sodium MRI parameters already returned to
                      baseline values (or even below baseline values, for low-CK
                      participants) at this point. The observed changes in ion
                      concentrations and water relaxation time parameters could
                      enable a better understanding of the physiological processes
                      during DOMS and muscle regeneration. In the future, this
                      might help to optimize training and to reduce associated
                      sports injuries.},
      keywords     = {delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) (Other) / eccentric
                      exercise (Other) / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Other)
                      / sodium (23Na) (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:36196511},
      doi          = {10.1002/nbm.4840},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/181981},
}