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@ARTICLE{Wu:182341,
      author       = {W. Y. Wu and Z. Haider and X. Feng and A. K. Heath and A.
                      Tjønneland and A. Agudo and G. Masala and H. A. Robbins and
                      M.-J. Huerta and M. Guevara and M. B. Schulze and M.
                      Rodriguez-Barranco and P. Vineis and R. Tumino and R.
                      Kaaks$^*$ and R. Turzanski-Fortner$^*$ and S. Sieri and S.
                      Panico and T. H. Nøst and T. M. Sandanger and T. Braaten
                      and M. Johansson and B. Melin and M. Johansson},
      title        = {{A}ssessment of the {E}arly{CDT}-{L}ung test as an early
                      biomarker of lung cancer in ever-smokers - {A} retrospective
                      nested case-control study in two prospective cohorts.},
      journal      = {International journal of cancer},
      volume       = {152},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {0020-7136},
      address      = {Bognor Regis},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-02584},
      pages        = {2002-2010},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {2023 May 1;152(9):2002-2010},
      abstract     = {The EarlyCDT-Lung test is a blood-based autoantibody assay
                      intended to identify high-risk individuals for low-dose
                      computed tomography lung cancer screening. However, there is
                      a paucity of evidence on the performance of the
                      EarlyCDT-Lung test in ever-smokers. We conducted a nested
                      case-control study within two prospective cohorts to
                      evaluate the risk-discriminatory performance of the
                      EarlyCDT-Lung test using pre-diagnostic blood samples from
                      154 future lung cancer cases and 154 matched controls. Cases
                      were selected from those who had ever smoked and had a
                      pre-diagnostic blood samples less than 3 years prior to
                      diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression was used to
                      estimate the association between EarlyCDT-Lung test results
                      and lung cancer risk. Sensitivity and specificity of the
                      EarlyCDT-Lung test were calculated in all subjects and
                      subgroups based on age, smoking history, lung cancer stage,
                      sample collection time before diagnosis and year of sample
                      collection. The overall lung cancer odds ratios were 0.89
                      $(95\%$ CI, 0.34-2.30) for a moderate risk EarlyCDT-Lung
                      test result and 1.09 $(95\%$ CI, 0.48-2.47) for a high-risk
                      test result compared to no significant test result. The
                      overall sensitivity was $8.4\%$ $(95\%$ CI, 4.6-14) and
                      overall specificity was $92\%$ $(95\%$ CI, 87-96) when
                      considering a high-risk result as positive. Stratified
                      analysis indicated higher sensitivity $(17\%,$ $95\%$ CI,
                      7.2-32.1) in subjects with blood drawn up to 1 year prior to
                      diagnosis. In conclusion, our study does not support a role
                      of the EarlyCDT-Lung test in identifying the high-risk
                      subjects in ever-smokers for lung cancer screening in the
                      EPIC and NSHDS cohorts.},
      keywords     = {EarlyCDT-Lung test (Other) / biomarkers (Other) / lung
                      cancer (Other) / prediagnostic samples (Other)},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:36305647},
      doi          = {10.1002/ijc.34340},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/182341},
}