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@ARTICLE{Access:182620,
author = {G. 2. H. Access},
collaboration = {{Quality Collaborators}},
othercontributors = {A. Haakenstad and J. A. Yearwood and N. Fullman and C.
Bintz and K. Bienhoff and M. R. Weaver and V. Nandakumar and
J. N. Joffe and K. E. LeGrand and M. Knight and C. Abbafati
and M. Abbasi-Kangevari and A. Abdoli and R. A. Abeldaño
Zuñiga and I. A. Adedeji and V. Adekanmbi and O. O.
Adetokunboh and M. S. Afzal and S. Afzal and M.
Agudelo-Botero and B. O. Ahinkorah and S. Ahmad and A.
Ahmadi and S. Ahmadi and A. Ahmed and T. Ahmed Rashid and B.
Aji and W. Akande-Sholabi and K. Alam and H. Al Hamad and R.
K. Alhassan and L. Ali and V. Alipour and S. M. Aljunid and
E. K. Ameyaw and T. T. Amin and H. Amu and D. A. Amugsi and
R. Ancuceanu and P. P. Andrade and A. Anjum and J. Arabloo
and M. Arab-Zozani and H. Ariffin and J. Arulappan and Z.
Aryan and T. Ashraf and D. D. Atnafu and A. Atreya and M.
Ausloos and L. Avila-Burgos and G. Ayano and M. A. Ayanore
and S. Azari and A. D. Badiye and A. A. Baig and M. Bairwa
and S. M. Bakkannavar and S. Baliga and P. C. Banik and T.
W. Bärnighausen and F. Barra and A. Barrow and S. Basu and
M. Bayati and R. Belete and A. W. Bell and D. S. Bhagat and
A. S. Bhagavathula and P. Bhardwaj and N. Bhardwaj and S.
Bhaskar and K. Bhattacharyya and Z. A. Bhutta and S. Bibi
and A. Bijani and B. Bikbov and A. Biondi and O. A.
Bolarinwa and A. Bonny and H. Brenner$^*$ and D. Buonsenso
and K. Burkart and R. Busse and Z. A. Butt and N. S. Butt
and F. L. Caetano Dos Santos and L. Cahuana-Hurtado and L.
A. Cámera and R. Cárdenas and V. L. A. Carneiro and F.
Catalá-López and J. S. Chandan and J. Charan and P. P.
Chavan and S. Chen and S. Chen and S. G. Choudhari and E. K.
Chowdhury and M. A. K. Chowdhury and M. Cirillo and B. Corso
and O. Dadras and S. M. A. Dahlawi and X. Dai and L. Dandona
and R. Dandona and W. J. Dangel and C. A. Dávila-Cervantes
and K. Davletov and K. Deuba and M. Dhimal and M. L. Dhimal
and S. Djalalinia and H. P. Do and L. Doshmangir and B. B.
Duncan and A. Effiong and E. Ehsani-Chimeh and I. Y. Elgendy
and M. Elhadi and I. El Sayed and M. El Tantawi and D. A.
Erku and S. Eskandarieh and J. Fares and F. Farzadfar and S.
Ferrero and L. Ferro Desideri and F. Fischer and N. A. Foigt
and M. Foroutan and T. Fukumoto and P. A. Gaal and S. Gaihre
and W. M. Gardner and T. Garg and A. Getachew Obsa and M.
Ghafourifard and A. Ghashghaee and N. Ghith and S. A. Gilani
and P. S. Gill and S. Goharinezhad and M. Golechha and J. S.
Guadamuz and Y. Guo and R. D. Gupta and R. Gupta and V. K.
Gupta and V. B. Gupta and M. Hamiduzzaman and A. Hanif and
J. M. Haro and A. I. Hasaballah and M. M. Hasan and M. T.
Hasan and A. Hashi and S. I. Hay and K. Hayat and M. Heidari
and G. Heidari and N. J. Henry and C. Herteliu and R. Holla
and S. Hossain and S. J. Hossain and M. B. H. Hossain and M.
Hosseinzadeh and S. Hostiuc and S. Hoveidamanesh and V. C.
Hsieh and G. Hu and J. Huang and M. M. Huda and S. C.
Ifeagwu and K. S. Ikuta and O. S. Ilesanmi and S. S. N.
Irvani and R. M. Islam and S. M. S. Islam and N. E. Ismail
and H. Iso and G. Isola and R. Itumalla and M. Iwagami and
M. A. Jahani and N. Jahanmehr and R. Jain and M. Jakovljevic
and M. D. Janodia and S. K. Jayapal and S. Jayaram and R. P.
Jha and J. B. Jonas and T. Joo and N. Joseph and M.
Jürisson and A. Kabir and L. R. Kalankesh and R. Kalhor and
A. M. Kamath and K. Kamenov and H. Kandel and R. S. Kantar
and N. Kapoor and M. Karanikolos and S. V. Katikireddi and
T. Kavetskyy and N. Kawakami and G. A. Kayode and L.
Keikavoosi-Arani and M. Keykhaei and Y. S. Khader and H.
Khajuria and R. Khalilov and M. Khammarnia and M. N. Khan
and M. A. Khan and M. Khan and M. Khezeli and M. S. Kim and
Y. J. Kim and S. Kisa and A. Kisa and V. Klymchuk and K. N.
Koly and O. Korzh and S. Kosen and P. A. Koul and B. Kuate
Defo and G. A. Kumar and D. Kusuma and H. H. Kyu and A. O.
Larsson and S. Lasrado and W.-C. Lee and Y. H. Lee and C. B.
Lee and S. Li and G. Lucchetti and P. B. Mahajan and A.
Majeed and A. Makki and R. Malekzadeh and A. A. Malik and D.
C. Malta and M. A. Mansournia and L. G. Mantovani and A.
Martinez-Valle and F. R. Martins-Melo and S. Z. Masoumi and
M. R. Mathur and R. J. Maude and P. K. Maulik and M. McKee
and W. Mendoza and R. G. Menezes and G. A. Mensah and A.
Meretoja and T. J. Meretoja and T. Mestrovic and I. M.
Michalek and E. M. Mirrakhimov and A. Misganaw and S. Misra
and B. Moazen and M. Mohammadi and S. Mohammed and M. Moitra
and A. H. Mokdad and M. Molokhia and L. Monasta and M. A.
Moni and G. Moradi and R. S. Moreira and J. F. Mosser and E.
Mostafavi and S. Mouodi and A. J. Nagarajan and C. Nagata
and M. Naghavi and V. Nangia and S. Narasimha Swamy and A.
I. Narayana and B. R. Nascimento and H. Nassereldine and B.
P. Nayak and J. Nazari and I. Negoi and S. Nepal and S.
Neupane Kandel and J. W. Ngunjiri and H. L. T. Nguyen and C.
T. Nguyen and D. N. A. Ningrum and J. J. Noubiap and B.
Oancea and O. B. Oghenetega and I.-H. Oh and A. T. Olagunju
and B. O. Olakunde and A. Omar Bali and E. Omer and O. E.
Onwujekwe and A. Otoiu and J. R. Padubidri and R. Palladino
and A. Pana and S. Panda-Jonas and S. R. Pandi-Perumal and
S. Pardhan and D. K. Pasupula and P. K. Pathak and G. C.
Patton and S. Pawar and J. Pereira and M. Pilania and B.
Piroozi and V. Podder and K. N. Pokhrel and M. J. Postma and
S. I. Prada and Z. Quazi Syed and N. Rabiee and R. A.
Radhakrishnan and M. M. Rahman and M. Rahman and M. Rahman
and M. H. U. Rahman and A. M. Rahmani and C. L. Ranabhat and
C. R. Rao and S. J. Rao and D. Rasella and S. Rawaf and D.
L. Rawaf and L. Rawal and A. M. N. Renzaho and B. Reshmi and
S. Resnikoff and A. Rezapour and S. M. Riahi and R. K. Ripon
and S. Sacco and M. Sadeghi and U. Saeed and A. Sahebkar and
B. Sahiledengle and H. Sahoo and M. Sahu and J. S. Salama
and P. Salamati and A. M. Samy and J. Sanabria and M. M.
Santric-Milicevic and B. Sathian and M. Sawhney and M. I.
Schmidt and A.-A. Seidu and S. G. Sepanlou and A. Seylani
and M. A. Shaikh and A. Sheikh and A. Shetty and M.
Shigematsu and R. Shiri and K. M. Shivakumar and A. Shokri
and J. A. Singh and D. N. Sinha and V. Y. Skryabin and A. A.
Skryabina and A. Sofi-Mahmudi and R. A. R. C. Sousa and J.
H. Stephens and J. Sun and M. Szócska and R.
Tabarés-Seisdedos and H. Tadbiri and A. T. Tamiru and K. R.
Thankappan and R. Topor-Madry and M. R. Tovani-Palone and M.
T. N. Tran and B. X. Tran and N. Tripathi and J. P. Tripathy
and C. E. Troeger and D. R. Uezono and S. Ullah and A. Ullah
and B. Unnikrishnan and M. Vacante and S. Valadan Tahbaz and
P. R. Valdez and M. Vasic and M. Veroux and D. Vervoort and
F. S. Violante and S. K. Vladimirov and V. Vlassov and B. Vo
and Y. Waheed and R. G. Wamai and Y.-P. Wang and Y. Wang and
P. Ward and T. Wiangkham and L. Yadav and S. H. Yahyazadeh
Jabbari and K. Yamagishi and S. Yaya and V. Yazdi-Feyzabadi
and S. Yi and V. Yiğit and N. Yonemoto and M. Z. Younis and
C. Yu and I. Yunusa and S. B. Zaman and M. S. Zastrozhin and
Z.-J. Zhang and C. Zhong and Y. M. H. Zuniga and S. S. Lim
and C. J. L. Murray and R. Lozano},
title = {{A}ssessing performance of the {H}ealthcare {A}ccess and
{Q}uality {I}ndex, overall and by select age groups, for 204
countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis
from the {G}lobal {B}urden of {D}isease {S}tudy 2019.},
journal = {The lancet / Global health},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
issn = {2214-109X},
address = {Oxford},
publisher = {Elsevier},
reportid = {DKFZ-2022-02797},
pages = {e1715-e1743},
year = {2022},
note = {2022 Dec;10(12):e1715-e1743},
abstract = {Health-care needs change throughout the life course. It is
thus crucial to assess whether health systems provide access
to quality health care for all ages. Drawing from the Global
Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019
(GBD 2019), we measured the Healthcare Access and Quality
(HAQ) Index overall and for select age groups in 204
locations from 1990 to 2019.We distinguished the overall HAQ
Index (ages 0-74 years) from scores for select age groups:
the young (ages 0-14 years), working (ages 15-64 years), and
post-working (ages 65-74 years) groups. For GBD 2019, HAQ
Index construction methods were updated to use the
arithmetic mean of scaled mortality-to-incidence ratios
(MIRs) and risk-standardised death rates (RSDRs) for 32
causes of death that should not occur in the presence of
timely, quality health care. Across locations and years,
MIRs and RSDRs were scaled from 0 (worst) to 100 (best)
separately, putting the HAQ Index on a different relative
scale for each age group. We estimated absolute convergence
for each group on the basis of whether the HAQ Index grew
faster in absolute terms between 1990 and 2019 in countries
with lower 1990 HAQ Index scores than countries with higher
1990 HAQ Index scores and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI)
quintile. SDI is a summary metric of overall
development.Between 1990 and 2019, the HAQ Index increased
overall (by 19·6 points, $95\%$ uncertainty interval
17·9-21·3), as well as among the young (22·5,
19·9-24·7), working (17·2, 15·2-19·1), and post-working
(15·1, 13·2-17·0) age groups. Large differences in HAQ
Index scores were present across SDI levels in 2019, with
the overall index ranging from 30·7 (28·6-33·0) on
average in low-SDI countries to 83·4 (82·4-84·3) on
average in high-SDI countries. Similarly large ranges
between low-SDI and high-SDI countries, respectively, were
estimated in the HAQ Index for the young (40·4-89·0),
working (33·8-82·8), and post-working (30·4-79·1)
groups. Absolute convergence in HAQ Index was estimated in
the young group only. In contrast, divergence was estimated
among the working and post-working groups, driven by slow
progress in low-SDI countries.Although major gaps remain
across levels of social and economic development,
convergence in the young group is an encouraging sign of
reduced disparities in health-care access and quality.
However, divergence in the working and post-working groups
indicates that health-care access and quality is lagging at
lower levels of social and economic development. To meet the
needs of ageing populations, health systems need to improve
health-care access and quality for working-age adults and
older populations while continuing to realise gains among
the young.Bill $\&$ Melinda Gates Foundation.},
cin = {C070 / C120},
ddc = {610},
cid = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C120-20160331},
pnm = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
pubmed = {pmid:36209761},
doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00429-6},
url = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/182620},
}
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