% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Knopf:186589,
      author       = {P. Knopf and D. Stowbur and S. H. L. Hoffmann and M. F.
                      Fransen and J. Schwenck and B. Pichler$^*$ and M. Kneilling},
      title        = {{P}reclinical {I}dentification {O}f {T}umor-{D}raining
                      {L}ymph {N}odes {U}sing a {M}ultimodal {N}on-invasive {I}n
                      vivo {I}maging {A}pproach.},
      journal      = {Molecular imaging and biology},
      volume       = {25},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1536-1632},
      address      = {Cham},
      publisher    = {Springer Nature Switzerland},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-00025},
      pages        = {606-618},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Resection of the tumor-draining lymph -node (TDLN)
                      represents a standard method to identify metastasis for
                      several malignancies. Interestingly, recent preclinical
                      studies indicate that TDLN resection diminishes the efficacy
                      of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based cancer immunotherapies.
                      Thus, accurate preclinical identification of TDLNs is
                      pivotal to uncovering the underlying immunological
                      mechanisms. Therefore, we validated preclinically, and
                      clinically available non-invasive in vivo imaging approaches
                      for precise TDLN identification.For visualization of the
                      lymphatic drainage into the TDLNs by non-invasive in vivo
                      optical imaging, we injected the optical imaging contrast
                      agents Patent Blue V (582.7 g mol-1) and IRDye® 800CW
                      polyethylene glycol (PEG; 25,000-60,000 g mol-1),
                      subcutaneously (s.c.) in close proximity to MC38
                      adenocarcinomas at the right flank of experimental mice. For
                      determination of the lymphatic drainage and the glucose
                      metabolism in TDLNs by non-invasive in vivo PET/magnetic
                      resonance imaging (PET/MRI), we injected the positron
                      emission tomography (PET) tracer
                      (2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) [181.1 g mol-1])
                      in a similar manner. For ex vivo cross-correlation, we
                      isolated TDLNs and contralateral nontumor-draining lymph
                      nodes (NTDLNs) and performed optical imaging,
                      biodistribution, and autoradiography analysis.The clinically
                      well-established Patent Blue V was superior for
                      intraoperative macroscopic identification of the TDLNs
                      compared with IRDye® 800CW PEG but was not sensitive enough
                      for non-invasive in vivo detection by optical imaging. Ex
                      vivo Patent Blue V biodistribution analysis clearly
                      identified the right accessory axillary and the proper
                      axillary lymph node (LN) as TDLNs, whereas ex vivo IRDye®
                      800CW PEG completely failed. In contrast, functional
                      non-invasive in vivo 18F-FDG PET/MRI identified a
                      significantly elevated uptake exclusively within the
                      ipsilateral accessory axillary TDLN of experimental mice and
                      was able to differentiate between the accessory axillary and
                      the proper LN. Ex vivo biodistribution and autoradiography
                      confirmed our in vivo 18F-FDG PET/MRI results.When taken
                      together, our results demonstrate the feasibility of
                      18F-FDG-PET/MRI as a valid method for non-invasive in vivo,
                      intraoperative, and ex vivo identification of the lymphatic
                      drainage and glucose metabolism within the TDLNs. In
                      addition, using Patent Blue V provides additive value for
                      the macroscopic localization of the lymphatic drainage both
                      visually and by ex vivo optical imaging analysis. Thus, both
                      methods are valuable, easy to implement, and cost-effective
                      for preclinical identification of the TDLN.},
      keywords     = {18F-FDG (Other) / Optical imaging (Other) / PET/MRI (Other)
                      / Patent Blue V (Other) / Tumor-draining lymph nodes
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {TU01},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)TU01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:36600172},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11307-022-01797-z},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/186589},
}