000212459 001__ 212459 000212459 005__ 20240229154907.0 000212459 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024525 000212459 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:36684995 000212459 0247_ $$2pmc$$apmc:PMC9850099 000212459 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:140882709 000212459 037__ $$aDKFZ-2023-00176 000212459 041__ $$aEnglish 000212459 082__ $$a610 000212459 1001_ $$aRöhr, Freda$$b0 000212459 245__ $$aFrom disgusting and complicated to simple and brilliant: Implementation perspectives and lessons learned from users and rejectors of mail-in SARS-CoV-2 gargle tests. 000212459 260__ $$aLausanne$$bFrontiers Media$$c2023 000212459 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000212459 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000212459 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1674716530_22160 000212459 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000212459 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000212459 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000212459 520__ $$aDespite the important role of testing as a measure against the COVID-19 pandemic, user perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 tests remain scarce, inhibiting an improvement of testing approaches. As the world enters the third year of the pandemic, more nuanced perspectives of testing, and opportunities to expand testing in a feasible and affordable manner merit consideration.Conducted amid the second pandemic wave (late 2020-early 2021) during and after a multi-arm trial evaluating SARS-CoV-2 surveillance strategies in the federal state Baden-Württemberg, Germany, this qualitative sub-study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of how test users and test rejectors perceived mail-in SARS-CoV-2 gargle tests. We conducted 67 semi-structured in-depth interviews (mean duration: 60 min) via telephone or video call. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively using thematic analysis. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research guided the findings' presentation.Respondents generally described gargle sampling as simple and comfortable. However, individual perceptions of the testing method and its feasibility varied widely from disgusting and complicated to simple and brilliant. Self-sampling was appreciated for lowering infection risks during testing, but also considered more complex. Gargle-sampling increased participants' self-efficacy to sample correctly. Communication (first contact, quantity and content of information, reminders, support system) and trust (in the study, its institutional affiliation and test method) decisively influenced the intervention's acceptability.User-driven insights on how to streamline testing include: consider communication, first impressions of tests and information as key for successful mail-in testing; pay attention to the role of mutual trust between those taking and administering tests; implement gargle self-sampling as a pleasant alternative to swab testing; offer multiple test methods to increase test up-take. 000212459 536__ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-311$$a311 - Zellbiologie und Tumorbiologie (POF4-311)$$cPOF4-311$$fPOF IV$$x0 000212459 588__ $$aDataset connected to CrossRef, PubMed, , Journals: inrepo02.dkfz.de 000212459 650_7 $$2Other$$aCOVID-19 000212459 650_7 $$2Other$$aSARS-CoV-2 000212459 650_7 $$2Other$$agargle test 000212459 650_7 $$2Other$$aimplementation study 000212459 650_7 $$2Other$$amail-in tests 000212459 650_7 $$2Other$$aself-sampling 000212459 650_7 $$2Other$$atest rejector perspectives 000212459 650_7 $$2Other$$atest user perspectives 000212459 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aHumans 000212459 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aSARS-CoV-2 000212459 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aCOVID-19: diagnosis 000212459 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPandemics 000212459 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aPostal Service 000212459 650_2 $$2MeSH$$aEmotions 000212459 7001_ $$aUellner, Ferdinand$$b1 000212459 7001_ $$aDeckert, Andreas$$b2 000212459 7001_ $$aAnders, Simon$$b3 000212459 7001_ $$aBurk, Robin$$b4 000212459 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)03ae15a30a7fa7191475148bf4e7f581$$aKnop, Michael$$b5$$udkfz 000212459 7001_ $$aBrugnara, Lucia$$b6 000212459 7001_ $$aBärnighausen, Till$$b7 000212459 7001_ $$aJahn, Albrecht$$b8 000212459 7001_ $$aMcMahon, Shannon$$b9 000212459 7001_ $$aSouares, Aurélia$$b10 000212459 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2711781-9$$a10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024525$$gVol. 10, p. 1024525$$p1024525$$tFrontiers in Public Health$$v10$$x2296-2565$$y2023 000212459 909CO $$ooai:inrepo02.dkfz.de:212459$$pVDB 000212459 9101_ $$0I:(DE-588b)2036810-0$$6P:(DE-He78)03ae15a30a7fa7191475148bf4e7f581$$aDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum$$b5$$kDKFZ 000212459 9131_ $$0G:(DE-HGF)POF4-311$$1G:(DE-HGF)POF4-310$$2G:(DE-HGF)POF4-300$$3G:(DE-HGF)POF4$$4G:(DE-HGF)POF$$aDE-HGF$$bGesundheit$$lKrebsforschung$$vZellbiologie und Tumorbiologie$$x0 000212459 9141_ $$y2023 000212459 915__ $$0LIC:(DE-HGF)CCBYNV$$2V:(DE-HGF)$$aCreative Commons Attribution CC BY (No Version)$$bDOAJ$$d2021-05-12T12:12:17Z 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0113$$2StatID$$aWoS$$bScience Citation Index Expanded$$d2022-11-18 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0160$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bEssential Science Indicators$$d2022-11-18 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0561$$2StatID$$aArticle Processing Charges$$d2022-11-18 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0700$$2StatID$$aFees$$d2022-11-18 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0100$$2StatID$$aJCR$$bFRONT PUBLIC HEALTH : 2022$$d2023-10-26 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0200$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSCOPUS$$d2023-10-26 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0300$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bMedline$$d2023-10-26 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0320$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bPubMed Central$$d2023-10-26 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0501$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ Seal$$d2023-01-12T14:15:14Z 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0500$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bDOAJ$$d2023-01-12T14:15:14Z 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0030$$2StatID$$aPeer Review$$bDOAJ : Anonymous peer review$$d2023-01-12T14:15:14Z 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0199$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bClarivate Analytics Master Journal List$$d2023-10-26 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0150$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bWeb of Science Core Collection$$d2023-10-26 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1180$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Social and Behavioral Sciences$$d2023-10-26 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)0130$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bSocial Sciences Citation Index$$d2023-10-26 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)1110$$2StatID$$aDBCoverage$$bCurrent Contents - Clinical Medicine$$d2023-10-26 000212459 915__ $$0StatID:(DE-HGF)9905$$2StatID$$aIF >= 5$$bFRONT PUBLIC HEALTH : 2022$$d2023-10-26 000212459 9201_ $$0I:(DE-He78)A260-20160331$$kA260$$lA260 Zellmorphogenese und Signalübermittlung$$x0 000212459 980__ $$ajournal 000212459 980__ $$aVDB 000212459 980__ $$aI:(DE-He78)A260-20160331 000212459 980__ $$aUNRESTRICTED