001     241158
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024 7 _ |a 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1096162
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100 1 _ |a Veinalde, Ruta
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245 _ _ |a Virotherapy combined with anti-PD-1 transiently reshapes the tumor immune environment and induces anti-tumor immunity in a preclinical PDAC model.
260 _ _ |a Lausanne
|c 2023
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520 _ _ |a Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is largely refractory to cancer immunotherapy with PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Oncolytic virotherapy has been shown to synergize with ICB. In this work, we investigated the combination of anti-PD-1 and oncolytic measles vaccine in an immunocompetent transplantable PDAC mouse model.We characterized tumor-infiltrating T cells by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and T cell receptor sequencing. Further, we performed gene expression profiling of tumor samples at baseline, after treatment, and when tumors progressed. Moreover, we analyzed systemic anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity.Combination treatment significantly prolonged survival compared to monotherapies. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were increased after virotherapy. Gene expression profiling revealed a unique, but transient signature of immune activation after combination treatment. However, systemic anti-tumor immunity was induced by virotherapy and remained detectable even when tumors progressed. Anti-PD-1 treatment did not impact anti-viral immunity.Our results indicate that combined virotherapy and ICB induces anti-tumor immunity and reshapes the tumor immune environment. However, further refinement of this approach may be required to develop its full potential and achieve durable efficacy.
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650 _ 7 |a PD-1
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650 _ 7 |a PDAC
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650 _ 7 |a cancer immunotherapy
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650 _ 7 |a immune checkpoint
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650 _ 7 |a measles vaccine
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650 _ 7 |a oncolytic virus
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650 _ 2 |a Mice
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Animals
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Pancreatic Neoplasms: pathology
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal: genetics
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Immunotherapy: methods
|2 MeSH
650 _ 2 |a Oncolytic Virotherapy: methods
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700 1 _ |a Pidelaserra-Martí, Gemma
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700 1 _ |a Moulin, Coline
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700 1 _ |a Tan, Chin Leng
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700 1 _ |a Schäfer, Theresa
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700 1 _ |a Kang, Na
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700 1 _ |a Ball, Claudia R
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700 1 _ |a Leichsenring, Jonas
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700 1 _ |a Stenzinger, Albrecht
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700 1 _ |a Kaderali, Lars
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700 1 _ |a Jäger, Dirk
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700 1 _ |a Ungerechts, Guy
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700 1 _ |a Engeland, Christine
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773 _ _ |a 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1096162
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