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000271266 1001_ $$aJäschke, Dominik$$b0
000271266 245__ $$aAge-Related Differences of Cerebellar Cortex and Nuclei: MRI findings in Healthy Controls and its Application to Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA6) Patients.
000271266 260__ $$aOrlando, Fla.$$bAcademic Press$$c2023
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000271266 520__ $$aUnderstanding cerebellar alterations due to healthy aging provides a reference point against which pathological findings in late-onset disease, for example spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6), can be contrasted. In the present study, we investigated the impact of aging on the cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar cortex in 109 healthy controls (age range: 16 - 78 years) using 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Findings were compared with 25 SCA6 patients (age range: 38 - 78 years). A subset of 16 SCA6 (included: 14) patients and 50 controls (included: 45) received an additional MRI scan at 7 Tesla and were re-scanned after one year. MRI included T1-weighted, T2-weighted FLAIR, and multi-echo T2*-weighted imaging. The T2*-weighted phase images were converted to quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM). Since the cerebellar nuclei are characterized by elevated iron content with respect to their surroundings, two independent raters manually outlined them on the susceptibility maps. T1-weighted images acquired at 3T were utilized to automatically identify the cerebellar gray matter (GM) volume. Linear correlations revealed significant atrophy of the cerebellum due to tissue loss of cerebellar cortical GM in healthy controls with increasing age. Reduction of the cerebellar GM was substantially stronger in SCA6 patients. The volume of the dentate nuclei did not exhibit a significant relationship with age, at least in the age range between 18 and 78 years, whereas mean susceptibilities of the dentate nuclei increased with age. As previously shown, the dentate nuclei volumes were smaller and magnetic susceptibilities were lower in SCA6 patients compared to age- and sex-matched controls. The significant dentate volume loss in SCA6 patients could also be confirmed with 7T MRI. Linear mixed effects models and individual paired t-tests accounting for multiple comparisons revealed no statistical significant change in volume and susceptibility of the dentate nuclei after one year in neither patients nor controls. Importantly, dentate volumes were more sensitive to differentiate between SCA6 (Cohen's d = 3.02) and matched controls than the cerebellar cortex volume (d = 2.04). In addition to age-related decline of the cerebellar cortex and atrophy in SCA6 patients, age-related increase of susceptibility of the dentate nuclei was found in controls, whereas dentate volume and susceptibility was significantly decreased in SCA6 patients. Because no significant changes of any of these parameters was found at follow-up, these measures do not allow to monitor disease progression at short intervals.
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000271266 650_7 $$2Other$$aMRI
000271266 650_7 $$2Other$$aataxia
000271266 650_7 $$2Other$$acerebellum
000271266 650_7 $$2Other$$adentate nucleus
000271266 650_7 $$2Other$$aquantitative susceptibility mapping
000271266 650_7 $$2Other$$aspinocerebellar ataxia type 6
000271266 7001_ $$aSteiner, Katharina M$$b1
000271266 7001_ $$aChang, Dae-In$$b2
000271266 7001_ $$aClaaßen, Jens$$b3
000271266 7001_ $$aUslar, Ellen$$b4
000271266 7001_ $$aThieme, Andreas$$b5
000271266 7001_ $$aGerwig, Marcus$$b6
000271266 7001_ $$aPfaffenrot, Viktor$$b7
000271266 7001_ $$aHulst, Thomas$$b8
000271266 7001_ $$aGussew, Alexander$$b9
000271266 7001_ $$aMaderwald, Stefan$$b10
000271266 7001_ $$aGöricke, Sophia L$$b11
000271266 7001_ $$aMinnerop, Martina$$b12
000271266 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)022611a2317e4de40fd912e0a72293a8$$aLadd, Mark E$$b13$$udkfz
000271266 7001_ $$aReichenbach, Jürgen R$$b14
000271266 7001_ $$aTimmann, Dagmar$$b15
000271266 7001_ $$aDeistung, Andreas$$b16
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