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@ARTICLE{ArrietaBolaos:275355,
      author       = {E. Arrieta-Bolaños$^*$ and D. I. Hernández-Zaragoza and
                      R. Barquera},
      title        = {{A}n {HLA} map of the world: {A} comparison of {HLA}
                      frequencies in 200 worldwide populations reveals diverse
                      patterns for class {I} and class {II}.},
      journal      = {Frontiers in genetics},
      volume       = {14},
      issn         = {1664-8021},
      address      = {Lausanne},
      publisher    = {Frontiers Media},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-00724},
      pages        = {866407},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {HLA frequencies show widespread variation across human
                      populations. Demographic factors as well as selection are
                      thought to have shaped HLA variation across continents. In
                      this study, a worldwide comparison of HLA class I and class
                      II diversity was carried out. Multidimensional scaling
                      techniques were applied to 50 HLA-A and HLA-B (class I) as
                      well as 13 HLA-DRB1 (class II) first-field frequencies in
                      200 populations from all continents. Our results confirm a
                      strong effect of geography on the distribution of HLA class
                      I allele groups, with principal coordinates analysis closely
                      resembling geographical location of populations, especially
                      those of Africa-Eurasia. Conversely, class II frequencies
                      stratify populations along a continuum of differentiation
                      less clearly correlated to actual geographic location.
                      Double clustering analysis revealed finer intra-continental
                      sub-clusters (e.g., Northern and Western Europe vs. South
                      East Europe, North Africa and Southwest Asia; South and East
                      Africa vs. West Africa), and HLA allele group patterns
                      characteristic of these clusters. Ancient (Austronesian
                      expansion) and more recent (Romani people in Europe)
                      migrations, as well as extreme differentiation (Taiwan
                      indigenous peoples, Native Americans), and interregional
                      gene flow (Sámi, Egyptians) are also reflected by the
                      results. Barrier analysis comparing DST and geographic
                      location identified genetic discontinuities caused by
                      natural barriers or human behavior explaining inter and
                      intra-continental HLA borders for class I and class II.
                      Overall, a progressive reduction in HLA diversity from
                      African to Oceanian and Native American populations is
                      noted. This analysis of HLA frequencies in a unique set of
                      worldwide populations confirms previous findings on the
                      remarkable similarity of class I frequencies to geography,
                      but also shows a more complex development for class II, with
                      implications for both human evolutionary studies and
                      biomedical research.},
      keywords     = {MHC (Other) / allele frequencies (Other) / anthropology
                      (Other) / genetic drift (Other) / human leukocyte antigen
                      (Other) / population differentiation (Other) / population
                      genetics (Other)},
      cin          = {ED01},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)ED01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37035735},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC10076764},
      doi          = {10.3389/fgene.2023.866407},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/275355},
}