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@ARTICLE{Peters:275590,
      author       = {N. Peters and V. Trier Taasti and B. Ackermann and A. Bolsi
                      and C. Vallhagen Dahlgren and M. Ellerbrock and F.
                      Fracchiolla and C. Gomà and J. Góra and P. Cambraia Lopes
                      and I. Rinaldi and K. Salvo and I. Sojat Tarp and A. Vai and
                      T. Bortfeld and A. Lomax and C. Richter$^*$ and P.
                      Wohlfahrt},
      title        = {{C}onsensus guide on {CT}-based prediction of
                      stopping-power ratio using a {H}ounsfield look-up table for
                      proton therapy.},
      journal      = {Radiotherapy and oncology},
      volume       = {184},
      issn         = {0167-8140},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-00801},
      pages        = {109675},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {2023 Jul;184:109675},
      abstract     = {Studies have shown large variations in stopping-power ratio
                      (SPR) prediction from computed tomography (CT) across
                      European proton centres. To standardise this process, a
                      step-by-step guide on specifying a Hounsfield look-up table
                      (HLUT) is presented here.The HLUT specification process is
                      divided into six steps: Phantom setup, CT acquisition, CT
                      number extraction, SPR determination, HLUT specification,
                      and HLUT validation. Appropriate CT phantoms have a head-
                      and body-sized part, with tissue-equivalent inserts in
                      regard to X-ray and proton interactions. CT numbers are
                      extracted from a region-of-interest covering the inner
                      $70\%$ of each insert in-plane and several axial CT slices
                      in scan direction. For optimal HLUT specification, the SPR
                      of phantom inserts is measured in a proton beam and the SPR
                      of tabulated human tissues is computed stoichiometrically at
                      100 MeV. Including both phantom inserts and tabulated human
                      tissues increases HLUT stability. Piecewise linear
                      regressions are performed between CT numbers and SPRs for
                      four tissue groups (lung, adipose, soft tissue, and bone)
                      and then connected with straight lines. Finally, a thorough
                      but simple validation is performed.The best practices and
                      individual challenges are explained comprehensively for each
                      step. A well-defined strategy for specifying the connection
                      points between the individual line segments of the HLUT is
                      presented. The guide was tested exemplarily on three CT
                      scanners from different vendors, proving its feasibility.The
                      presented step-by-step guide for CT-based HLUT specification
                      with recommendations and examples can contribute to reduce
                      inter-centre variations in SPR prediction.},
      keywords     = {Hounsfield look-up table (Other) / Particle therapy (Other)
                      / Proton range prediction (Other) / Proton therapy (Other) /
                      Single-energy CT (Other) / Stoichiometric calibration
                      (Other) / Stopping-power ratio (Other)},
      cin          = {DD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)DD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37084884},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109675},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/275590},
}