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@ARTICLE{Kehrmann:276219,
      author       = {J. Kehrmann and F. Koch and S. Zumdick and A. Höwner and
                      L. Best and L. Masshöfer and S. Scharfenberg and M.
                      Zeschnigk and J. C. Becker$^*$ and D. Schadendorf$^*$ and J.
                      Buer and A. Roesch$^*$},
      title        = {{R}educed {S}taphylococcus {A}bundance {C}haracterizes the
                      {L}esional {M}icrobiome of {A}ctinic {K}eratosis {P}atients
                      after {F}ield-{D}irected {T}herapies.},
      journal      = {Microbiology spectrum},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {2165-0497},
      address      = {Birmingham, Ala.},
      publisher    = {ASM},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-01030},
      pages        = {e0440122},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {2023 Jun 15;11(3):e0440122},
      abstract     = {Skin microbiome dysbiosis with a Staphylococcus
                      overabundance is a feature of actinic keratosis (AK) and
                      squamous skin carcinoma (SCC) patients. The impact of
                      lesion-directed treatments for AK lesions such as diclofenac
                      (DIC) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the lesional
                      microbiome is not established. We studied 321 skin
                      microbiome samples of 59 AK patients treated with DIC $3\%$
                      gel versus CAP. Microbial DNA from skin swabs taken before
                      start of treatment (week 0), at the end of the treatment
                      period (week 24), and 3 months after end of treatment (week
                      36) was analyzed after sequencing the V3/V4 region of the
                      16S rRNA gene. The relative abundance of S. aureus was
                      scrutinized by a tuf gene specific TaqMan PCR assay. The
                      total bacterial load and both, relative and absolute
                      abundance of Staphylococcus genus was reduced upon both
                      therapies at week 24 and 36 compared to week 0. Notably, the
                      lesional microbiome of patients responding to CAP therapy at
                      week 24 was characterized by an increased relative abundance
                      of Corynebacterium genus compared to nonresponders. A higher
                      relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus at week 36 was a
                      feature of patients classified as nonresponders for both
                      treatments 12 weeks after therapy completion. The reduction
                      of the Staphylococcus abundance after treatment of AK
                      lesions and alterations linked to treatment response
                      encourage further studies for investigation of the role of
                      the skin microbiome for both, the carcinogenesis of
                      epithelial skin cancer and its function as predictive
                      therapeutic biomarker in AK. IMPORTANCE The relevance of the
                      skin microbiome for development of actinic keratosis (AK),
                      its progression into squamous skin cancer, and for
                      field-directed treatment response is unknown. An
                      overabundance of staphylococci characterizes the skin
                      microbiome of AK lesions. In this study, analyses of the
                      lesional microbiome from 321 samples of 59 AK patients
                      treated with diclophenac gel versus cold atmospheric plasma
                      (CAP) revealed a reduced total bacterial load and reduced
                      relative and absolute Staphylococcus genus abundance upon
                      both treatments. A higher relative Corynebacterium abundance
                      was a feature of patients classified as responders at the
                      end of CAP-treatment period (week 24) compared with
                      nonresponders and the Staphylococcus aureus abundance of
                      patients classified as responders 3 months after treatment
                      completion was significantly lower than in nonresponders.
                      The alterations of the skin microbiome upon AK treatment
                      encourage further investigations for establishing its role
                      for carcinogenesis and its function as predictive biomarker
                      in AK.},
      keywords     = {CAP (Other) / actinic keratosis (Other) / cold atmospheric
                      plasma (Other) / diclofenac (Other) / skin microbiome
                      (Other) / treatment (Other)},
      cin          = {ED01},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)ED01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37212689},
      doi          = {10.1128/spectrum.04401-22},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/276219},
}