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@ARTICLE{Belikhin:276908,
      author       = {M. Belikhin and A. Pryanichnikov$^*$ and V. Balakin and A.
                      Shemyakov and P. Zhogolev and A. Chernyaev},
      title        = {{H}igh-speed low-noise optical respiratory monitoring for
                      spot scanning proton therapy.},
      journal      = {Physica medica},
      volume       = {112},
      issn         = {1120-1797},
      address      = {Amsterdam},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-01201},
      pages        = {102612},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {To investigate a novel optical markerless respiratory
                      sensor for surface guided spot scanning proton therapy and
                      to measure its main technical characteristics.The main
                      characteristics of the respiratory sensor including
                      sensitivity, linearity, noise, signal-to-noise, and time
                      delay were measured using a dynamic phantom and electrical
                      measuring equipment on a laboratory stand. The respiratory
                      signals of free breathing and deep-inspiration breath-hold
                      patterns were acquired for various distances with a
                      volunteer. A comparative analysis of this sensor with
                      existing commercially available and experimental respiratory
                      monitoring systems was carried out based on several criteria
                      including principle of operation, patient contact,
                      application to proton therapy, distance range, accuracy
                      (noise, signal-to-noise ratio), and time delay (sampling
                      rate).The sensor provides optical respiratory monitoring of
                      the chest surface over a distance range of 0.4-1.2 m with
                      the RMS noise of 0.03-0.60 mm, SNR of 40-15 dB (for motion
                      with peak-to-peak of 10 mm), and time delay of 1.2 ± 0.2
                      ms.The investigated optical respiratory sensor was found to
                      be appropriate to use in surface guided spot scanning proton
                      therapy. This sensor combined with a fast respiratory signal
                      processing algorithm may provide accurate beam control and a
                      fast response in patients' irregular breathing movements. A
                      careful study of correlation between the respiratory signal
                      and 4DCT data of tumor position will be required before
                      clinical implementation.},
      keywords     = {Dynamic phantom (Other) / Intrafractional tumor motion
                      (Other) / Motion management (Other) / Respiratory monitoring
                      (Other) / Spot scanning proton therapy (Other)},
      cin          = {E041},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E041-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37329740},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102612},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/276908},
}