% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{DiCastelnuovo:277297,
      author       = {A. Di Castelnuovo and M. Bonaccio and S. Costanzo and P.
                      McElduff and A. Linneberg and V. Salomaa and S. Männistö
                      and J. Ferrières and J. Dallongeville and B. Thorand and H.
                      Brenner$^*$ and M. Ferrario and G. Veronesi and A.
                      Tamosiunas and S. Grimsgaard and W. Drygas and S. Malyutina
                      and S. Söderberg and M. Nordendahl and F. Kee and G. Grassi
                      and S. Dabboura and R. Borchini and D. Westermann and B.
                      Schrage and T. Zeller and K. Kuulasmaa and S. Blankenberg
                      and M. B. Donati and L. Iacoviello and G. de Gaetano},
      collaboration = {M. S. Investigators},
      title        = {{D}rinking alcohol in moderation is associated with lower
                      rate of all-cause mortality in individuals with higher
                      rather than lower educational level: findings from the
                      {MORGAM} project.},
      journal      = {European journal of epidemiology},
      volume       = {38},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {0393-2990},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V.},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-01326},
      pages        = {869-881},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {2023 Aug;38(8):869-881},
      abstract     = {The association between socioeconomic status (SES) and
                      alcohol-related diseases has been widely explored. Less is
                      known, however, on whether the association of moderate
                      drinking with all-cause mortality is modified by educational
                      level (EL). Using harmonized data from 16 cohorts in the
                      MORGAM Project (N = 142,066) the association of pattern of
                      alcohol intake with hazard of all-cause mortality across EL
                      (lower = primary-school; middle = secondary-school; higher =
                      university/college degree) was assessed using multivariable
                      Cox-regression and spline curves. A total of 16,695 deaths
                      occurred in 11.8 years (median). In comparison with
                      life-long abstainers, participants drinking 0.1-10 g/d of
                      ethanol had $13\%$ (HR = 0.87; $95\%CI:$ 0.74-1.02), $11\%$
                      (HR = 0.89; 0.84-0.95) and $5\%$ (HR = 0.95; 0.89-1.02)
                      lower rate of death in higher, middle and lower EL,
                      respectively. Conversely, drinkers > 20 g/d had $1\%$ (HR =
                      1.01; 0.82-1.25), $10\%$ (HR = 1.10; 1.02-1.19) and $17\%$
                      (HR = 1.17; 1.09-1.26) higher rate of death. The association
                      of alcohol consumption with all-cause mortality was
                      nonlinear, with a different J-shape by EL levels. It was
                      consistent across both sexes and in various approaches of
                      measuring alcohol consumption, including combining quantity
                      and frequency and it was more evident when the beverage of
                      preference was wine. We observed that drinking in moderation
                      (≤ 10 g/d) is associated with lower mortality rate more
                      evidently in individuals with higher EL than in people with
                      lower EL, while heavy drinking is associated with higher
                      mortality rate more evidently in individuals with lower EL
                      than in people with higher EL, suggesting that advice on
                      reducing alcohol intake should especially target individuals
                      of low EL.},
      keywords     = {Alcohol (Other) / All-cause mortality (Other) / Educational
                      levels (Other) / Social status (Other)},
      cin          = {C070 / C120},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C120-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37386255},
      doi          = {10.1007/s10654-023-01022-3},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/277297},
}