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000277313 041__ $$aEnglish
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000277313 1001_ $$ade Cock, Marieke P$$b0
000277313 245__ $$aIncreased rat-borne zoonotic disease hazard in greener urban areas.
000277313 260__ $$aAmsterdam [u.a.]$$bElsevier Science$$c2023
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000277313 500__ $$aMicrobiological Diagnostics /Volume 896, 20 October 2023, 165069
000277313 520__ $$aUrban greening has benefits for both human and environmental health. However, urban greening might also have negative effects as the abundance of wild rats, which can host and spread a great diversity of zoonotic pathogens, increases with urban greenness. Studies on the effect of urban greening on rat-borne zoonotic pathogens are currently unavailable. Therefore, we investigated how urban greenness is associated with rat-borne zoonotic pathogen prevalence and diversity, and translated this to human disease hazard. We screened 412 wild rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) from three cities in the Netherlands for 18 different zoonotic pathogens: Bartonella spp., Leptospira spp., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Spiroplasma spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Coxiella burnetii, Salmonella spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli, rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV), Seoul orthohantavirus, Cowpox virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Toxoplasma gondii and Babesia spp. We modelled the relationships between pathogen prevalence and diversity and urban greenness. We detected 13 different zoonotic pathogens. Rats from greener urban areas had a significantly higher prevalence of Bartonella spp. and Borrelia spp., and a significantly lower prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and ratHEV. Rat age was positively correlated with pathogen diversity while greenness was not related to pathogen diversity. Additionally, Bartonella spp. occurrence was positively correlated with that of Leptospira spp., Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp. occurrence was also positively correlated with that of Rickettsia spp. Our results show an increased rat-borne zoonotic disease hazard in greener urban areas, which for most pathogens was driven by the increase in rat abundance rather than pathogen prevalence. This highlights the importance of keeping rat densities low and investigating the effects of urban greening on the exposure to zoonotic pathogens in order to make informed decisions and to take appropriate countermeasures preventing zoonotic diseases.
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000277313 650_7 $$2Other$$aCo-infection
000277313 650_7 $$2Other$$aDisease ecology
000277313 650_7 $$2Other$$aEctoparasites
000277313 650_7 $$2Other$$aEpidemiology
000277313 650_7 $$2Other$$aRichness
000277313 650_7 $$2Other$$aRodents
000277313 7001_ $$ade Vries, Ankje$$b1
000277313 7001_ $$aFonville, Manoj$$b2
000277313 7001_ $$aEsser, Helen J$$b3
000277313 7001_ $$aMehl, Calvin$$b4
000277313 7001_ $$aUlrich, Rainer G$$b5
000277313 7001_ $$aJoeres, Maike$$b6
000277313 7001_ $$aHoffmann, Donata$$b7
000277313 7001_ $$aEisenberg, Tobias$$b8
000277313 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)4e5ebf211bad5a927f9a00c8e9c1d116$$aSchmidt, Katja$$b9$$udkfz
000277313 7001_ $$aHulst, Marcel$$b10
000277313 7001_ $$avan der Poel, Wim H M$$b11
000277313 7001_ $$aSprong, Hein$$b12
000277313 7001_ $$aMaas, Miriam$$b13
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