% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{deCock:277313,
      author       = {M. P. de Cock and A. de Vries and M. Fonville and H. J.
                      Esser and C. Mehl and R. G. Ulrich and M. Joeres and D.
                      Hoffmann and T. Eisenberg and K. Schmidt$^*$ and M. Hulst
                      and W. H. M. van der Poel and H. Sprong and M. Maas},
      title        = {{I}ncreased rat-borne zoonotic disease hazard in greener
                      urban areas.},
      journal      = {The science of the total environment},
      volume       = {896},
      issn         = {0048-9697},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-01331},
      pages        = {165069},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {Microbiological Diagnostics /Volume 896, 20 October 2023,
                      165069},
      abstract     = {Urban greening has benefits for both human and
                      environmental health. However, urban greening might also
                      have negative effects as the abundance of wild rats, which
                      can host and spread a great diversity of zoonotic pathogens,
                      increases with urban greenness. Studies on the effect of
                      urban greening on rat-borne zoonotic pathogens are currently
                      unavailable. Therefore, we investigated how urban greenness
                      is associated with rat-borne zoonotic pathogen prevalence
                      and diversity, and translated this to human disease hazard.
                      We screened 412 wild rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus
                      rattus) from three cities in the Netherlands for 18
                      different zoonotic pathogens: Bartonella spp., Leptospira
                      spp., Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma
                      phagocytophilum, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Spiroplasma spp.,
                      Streptobacillus moniliformis, Coxiella burnetii, Salmonella
                      spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),
                      extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing
                      Escherichia coli, rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV), Seoul
                      orthohantavirus, Cowpox virus, severe acute respiratory
                      syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Toxoplasma gondii and
                      Babesia spp. We modelled the relationships between pathogen
                      prevalence and diversity and urban greenness. We detected 13
                      different zoonotic pathogens. Rats from greener urban areas
                      had a significantly higher prevalence of Bartonella spp. and
                      Borrelia spp., and a significantly lower prevalence of
                      ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli and ratHEV. Rat age was
                      positively correlated with pathogen diversity while
                      greenness was not related to pathogen diversity.
                      Additionally, Bartonella spp. occurrence was positively
                      correlated with that of Leptospira spp., Borrelia spp. and
                      Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia spp. occurrence was also
                      positively correlated with that of Rickettsia spp. Our
                      results show an increased rat-borne zoonotic disease hazard
                      in greener urban areas, which for most pathogens was driven
                      by the increase in rat abundance rather than pathogen
                      prevalence. This highlights the importance of keeping rat
                      densities low and investigating the effects of urban
                      greening on the exposure to zoonotic pathogens in order to
                      make informed decisions and to take appropriate
                      countermeasures preventing zoonotic diseases.},
      keywords     = {Co-infection (Other) / Disease ecology (Other) /
                      Ectoparasites (Other) / Epidemiology (Other) / Richness
                      (Other) / Rodents (Other)},
      cin          = {W440},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)W440-20160331},
      pnm          = {316 - Infektionen, Entzündung und Krebs (POF4-316)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-316},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37392874},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165069},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/277313},
}