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@ARTICLE{Tremmel:278588,
      author       = {R. Tremmel and U. Hofmann and M. Haag and E. Schaeffeler
                      and M. Schwab$^*$},
      title        = {{C}irculating {B}iomarkers {I}nstead of {G}enotyping to
                      {E}stablish {M}etabolizer {P}henotypes.},
      journal      = {Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology},
      volume       = {64},
      issn         = {0362-1642},
      address      = {Palo Alto, Calif.},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-01669},
      pages        = {65-87},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {2024 Jan 23;64:65-87},
      abstract     = {Pharmacogenomics (PGx) enables personalized treatment for
                      the prediction of drug response and to avoid adverse drug
                      reactions. Currently, PGx mainly relies on the genetic
                      information of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
                      excretion (ADME) targets such as drug-metabolizing enzymes
                      or transporters to predict differences in the patient's
                      phenotype. However, there is evidence that the
                      phenotype-genotype concordance is limited. Thus, we discuss
                      different phenotyping strategies using exogenous xenobiotics
                      (e.g., drug cocktails) or endogenous compounds for phenotype
                      prediction. In particular, minimally invasive approaches
                      focusing on liquid biopsies offer great potential to
                      preemptively determine metabolic and transport capacities.
                      Early studies indicate that ADME phenotyping using exosomes
                      released from the liver is reliable. In addition,
                      pharmacometric modeling and artificial intelligence improve
                      phenotype prediction. However, further prospective studies
                      are needed to demonstrate the clinical utility of
                      individualized treatment based on phenotyping strategies,
                      not only relying on genetics. The present review summarizes
                      current knowledge and limitations. Expected final online
                      publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and
                      Toxicology, Volume 64 is January 2024. Please see
                      http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for
                      revised estimates.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      cin          = {TU01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)TU01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37585662},
      doi          = {10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-032023-121106},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/278588},
}