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@ARTICLE{MaterniakKornas:282349,
      author       = {M. Materniak-Kornas and P. Kubiś and B. Sell and G.
                      Pougialis and M. Löchelt$^*$ and J. Kuźmak},
      title        = {{A}n {O}utbred {C}alf {M}odel for {D}etermining {I}nnate
                      {I}mmune {S}ensing and {E}volutionary {T}rajectories of a
                      {C}ell {C}ulture-{A}dapted {B}ovine {F}oamy {V}irus
                      {V}ariant.},
      journal      = {Viruses},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1999-4915},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-01733},
      pages        = {1772},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {Bovine foamy virus (BFVbta) displays a very high degree of
                      cell-associated replication which is unprecedented even
                      among the other known foamy viruses. Interestingly, recent
                      studies have shown that it can in fact adapt in vitro to
                      high-titer (HT) cell-free transmission due to genetic
                      changes acquired during repeated rounds of cell-free BFVbta
                      passages in immortalized bovine MDBK cells. Molecular clones
                      obtained from the HT BFVbta Riems cell-free variant (HT
                      BFVbta Riems) have been thoroughly characterized in MDBK
                      cell cultures However, during recent years, it has become
                      increasingly clear that the source of the host cells used
                      for virus growth and functional studies of virus replication
                      and virus-cell interactions plays a paramount role.
                      Established cell lines, mostly derived from tumors, but
                      occasionally experimentally immortalized and transformed,
                      frequently display aberrant features relating, for example.
                      to growth, metabolism, and genetics. Even state-of-the-art
                      organoid cultures of primary cells cannot replicate the
                      conditions in an authentic host, especially those concerning
                      cell diversity and the role of innate and adaptive immunity.
                      Therefore, to determine the overall replication
                      characteristics of the cloned wt and HT BFVbta Riems
                      variant, we conducted a small-scale animal pilot study. The
                      replication of the original wt BFVbta Riems isolate, as well
                      as that of its HT variant, were analyzed. Both BFVbta
                      variants established infection in calves, with proviruses in
                      peripheral blood mononuclear cells and induced Gag-specific
                      antibodies. In addition, a related pattern in the host
                      innate immune reaction was detected in the peripheral blood
                      leukocytes of the BFV-infected calves. Surprisingly, an
                      analysis of the Gag sequence two weeks post-inoculation
                      revealed that the HT BFVbta variant showed a very high level
                      of genetic reversion to the wild type (parental BFVbta
                      genotype).},
      keywords     = {Animals / Cattle / Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Pilot Projects
                      / Cell Culture Techniques / Spumavirus: genetics / Immunity,
                      Innate / bovine foamy virus (Other) / calves (Other) /
                      cell-free and cell-associated variants (Other) / replication
                      in vivo (Other)},
      cin          = {F030 / F170},
      ddc          = {050},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)F030-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)F170-20160331},
      pnm          = {316 - Infektionen, Entzündung und Krebs (POF4-316)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-316},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37632114},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC10458543},
      doi          = {10.3390/v15081772},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/282349},
}