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@ARTICLE{Schneider:282461,
      author       = {T. Schneider and F. Zwicker$^*$ and P. E. Huber$^*$ and J.
                      Debus$^*$ and H. Hauswald$^*$},
      title        = {{I}n {V}itro {C}arbon {I}on {B}eam and {G}emcitabine
                      {C}hemoradiation in a {M}ucoepidermoid {C}arcinoma {C}ell
                      {L}ine.},
      journal      = {In vivo},
      volume       = {37},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {0258-851x},
      address      = {Kapandriti, Attiki},
      publisher    = {IIAR},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-01776},
      pages        = {1951 - 1959},
      year         = {2023},
      note         = {#EA:E055#LA:E055#},
      abstract     = {To determine the interaction of gemcitabine in
                      chemoradiotherapy with heavy carbon ions in vitro in a
                      mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cell line.The human lymphatic
                      MEC metastasis cell line NCI-H292 was used. The cells were
                      treated with photons, carbon ions, and gemcitabine. Survival
                      fractions (SF), apoptosis, and cell cycle progression were
                      analyzed. A paired two-sided t-test was used. Significance
                      was defined as p<0.05.Cell proliferation assays showed a
                      significant reduction in SF for combined photon
                      chemoradiation versus photons only. The linear-quadratic
                      fits of combined therapy with carbon ion dose of 0 to 2.5 Gy
                      led to reductions of mean $15\%$ in SF. The LD50 (lethal
                      radiation dose required to reduce cell survival by $50\%)$
                      for carbon ions only was 0.7 Gy and for carbon ions with
                      gemcitabine 0.6 Gy. The LD50 for photons (with gemcitabine)
                      was 2.8 Gy (2.0 Gy) and for carbon ions (with gemcitabine)
                      0.7 Gy (0.6 Gy), resulting in a relative biological
                      effectiveness at $10\%$ cell survival (RBE10) of 3.0 (2.7).
                      Carbon ions and photons reduced S phase and increased G2/M
                      phase cell distribution. Isolated treatment with gemcitabine
                      as well as combination with photons led to prolonged S phase
                      transit, whereas combined treatment with carbon ions led to
                      early accumulation in G2/M phase. A significant increase in
                      the sub-G1 population as a hint of relevant number of
                      apoptotic cells was not observed.Gemcitabine showed
                      radiosensitizing effects in combination with photons. The
                      combination of gemcitabine and carbon ions had independent
                      additive effects. Carbon ions only had a RBE10 of 3.0,
                      compared to photons only. The combination of gemcitabine,
                      photon, and carbon ions in patients with MEC seems promising
                      and warrants further investigation.},
      keywords     = {Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (Other) / carbon ion beam therapy
                      (Other) / chemoradiation (Other) / head and neck (Other) /
                      in vitro (Other) / ion beam therapy (Other) / particle beam
                      therapy (Other) / radiotherapy (Other)},
      cin          = {E055 / HD01 / E050},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E055-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)E050-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37652498},
      doi          = {10.21873/invivo.13291},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/282461},
}