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@ARTICLE{Tessonnier:283148,
      author       = {T. Tessonnier$^*$ and G. Verona-Rinati and L. Rank and R.
                      Kranzer and A. Mairani$^*$ and M. Marinelli},
      title        = {{D}iamond detectors for dose and instantaneous dose-rate
                      measurements for ultra-high dose-rate scanned helium ion
                      beams.},
      journal      = {Medical physics},
      volume       = {51},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0094-2405},
      address      = {College Park, Md.},
      publisher    = {AAPM},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-01934},
      pages        = {1450-1459},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {#EA:E210# / 2024 Feb;51(2):1450-1459},
      abstract     = {The possible emergence of the FLASH effect-the sparing of
                      normal tissue while maintaining tumor control-after
                      irradiations at dose-rates exceeding several tens of Gy per
                      second, has recently spurred a surge of studies attempting
                      to characterize and rationalize the phenomenon.
                      Investigating and reporting the dose and instantaneous
                      dose-rate of ultra-high dose-rate (UHDR) particle
                      radiotherapy beams is crucial for understanding and
                      assessing the FLASH effect, towards pre-clinical application
                      and quality assurance programs.The purpose of the present
                      work is to investigate a novel diamond-based detector system
                      for dose and instantaneous dose-rate measurements in UHDR
                      particle beams.Two types of diamond detectors, a
                      microDiamond (PTW 60019) and a diamond detector prototype
                      specifically designed for operation in UHDR beams
                      (flashDiamond), and two different readout electronic chains,
                      were investigated for absorbed dose and instantaneous
                      dose-rate measurements. The detectors were irradiated with a
                      helium beam of 145.7 MeV/u under conventional and UHDR
                      delivery. Dose-rate delivery records by the monitoring
                      ionization chamber and diamond detectors were studied for
                      single spot irradiations. Dose linearity at 5 cm depth and
                      in-depth dose response from 2 to 16 cm were investigated for
                      both measurement chains and both detectors in a water tank.
                      Measurements with cylindrical and plane-parallel ionization
                      chambers as well as Monte-Carlo simulations were performed
                      for comparisons.Diamond detectors allowed for recording the
                      temporal structure of the beam, in good agreement with the
                      one obtained by the monitoring ionization chamber. A better
                      time resolution of the order of few μs was observed as
                      compared to the approximately 50 μs of the monitoring
                      ionization chamber. Both diamonds detectors show an
                      excellent linearity response in both delivery modalities.
                      Dose values derived by integrating the measured
                      instantaneous dose-rates are in very good agreement with the
                      ones obtained by the standard electrometer readings. Bragg
                      peak curves confirmed the consistency of the charge
                      measurements by the two systems.The proposed novel
                      dosimetric system allows for a detailed investigation of the
                      temporal evolution of UHDR beams. As a result, reliable and
                      accurate determinations of dose and instantaneous dose-rate
                      are possible, both required for a comprehensive
                      characterization of UHDR beams and relevant for FLASH effect
                      assessment in clinical treatments.},
      keywords     = {FLASH (Other) / diamond detector (Other) / instantateneous
                      dose-rate (Other) / particle therapy (Other) / ultra-high
                      dose-rate (Other)},
      cin          = {E210 / HD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E210-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37742343},
      doi          = {10.1002/mp.16757},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/283148},
}