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@ARTICLE{Gambichler:283178,
      author       = {T. Gambichler and N. Schuleit and L. Susok and J.
                      Becker$^*$ and C. H. Scheel and C. Torres-Reyes and O.
                      Overheu and A. Reinacher-Schick and W. Schmidt},
      title        = {{P}rognostic {P}erformance of {I}nflammatory {B}iomarkers
                      {B}ased on {C}omplete {B}lood {C}ounts in {COVID}-19
                      {P}atients.},
      journal      = {Viruses},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {1999-4915},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-01957},
      pages        = {1920},
      year         = {2023},
      abstract     = {With the end of the pandemic, COVID-19 has entered an
                      endemic phase with expected seasonal spikes. Consequently,
                      the implementation of easily accessible prognostic
                      biomarkers for patients with COVID-19 remains an important
                      area of research. In this monocentric study at a German
                      tertiary care hospital, we determined the prognostic
                      performance of different clinical and blood-based parameters
                      in 412 COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the
                      neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic
                      immune-inflammation index (SII), pan-immune-inflammation
                      value (PIV), and absolute eosinopenia (AEP, 0/µL) of
                      COVID-19 patients (n = 412). The Siddiqui and Mehra staging
                      proposal, the WHO clinical progression scale, and
                      COVID-19-associated death were used as COVID-19 outcome
                      measures. With respect to Siddiqi and Mehra staging, patient
                      age of older than 75 years, high C-reactive protein (CRP),
                      absolute eosinopenia (AEP), cardiovascular comorbidities,
                      and high ferritin were significant independent predictors
                      for severe COVID-19. When outcome was determined according
                      to the WHO clinical progression scale, patient age of older
                      than 75 years, high CRP, high LDH, AEP, high
                      neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the presence of
                      pulmonal comorbidities were significant independent
                      predictors for severe COVID-19. Finally, COVID-19-associated
                      death was predicted independently by patient age of older
                      than 75 years, high LDH, high NLR, and AEP. Eosinopenia (<
                      40/µL) was observed in $74.5\%$ of patients, and AEP in
                      almost $45\%.$ In conclusion, the present real-world data
                      indicate that the NLR is superior to more complex systemic
                      immune-inflammation biomarkers (e.g., SII and PIV) in
                      COVID-19 prognostication. A decreased eosinophil count
                      emerged as a potential hallmark of COVID-19 infection,
                      whereas AEP turned out to be an accessible independent
                      biomarker for COVID-19 severity and mortality.},
      keywords     = {C-reactive protein (Other) / SARS-CoV-2 (Other) /
                      comorbidities (Other) / eosinopenia (Other) / eosinophils
                      (Other) / ferritin (Other) / lactate dehydrogenase (Other) /
                      systemic immune-inflammation (Other)},
      cin          = {ED01},
      ddc          = {050},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)ED01-20160331},
      pnm          = {899 - ohne Topic (POF4-899)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-899},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37766326},
      doi          = {10.3390/v15091920},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/283178},
}