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000284944 1001_ $$aBao, Jiantong$$b0
000284944 245__ $$aExploring the dual role of B cells in solid tumors: implications for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
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000284944 520__ $$aIn the tumor milieu of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), distinct B cell subpopulations are present, which exert either pro- or anti-tumor activities. Multiple factors, including hypoxia, cytokines, interactions with tumor cells, and other immune infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), alter the equilibrium between the dual roles of B cells leading to cancerogenesis. Certain B cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibit immunosuppressive function. These cells are known as regulatory B (Breg) cells. Breg cells suppress immune responses by secreting a series of immunosuppressive cytokines, including IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β, granzyme B, and adenosine or dampen effector TILs by intercellular contacts. Multiple Breg phenotypes have been discovered in human and mouse cancer models. However, when compartmentalized within a tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS), B cells predominantly play anti-tumor effects. A mature TLS contains a CD20+ B cell zone with several important types of B cells, including germinal-center like B cells, antibody-secreting plasma cells, and memory B cells. They kill tumor cells via antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, and local complement activation effects. TLSs are also privileged sites for local T and B cell coordination and activation. Nonetheless, in some cases, TLSs may serve as a niche for hidden tumor cells and indicate a bad prognosis. Thus, TIL-B cells exhibit bidirectional immune-modulatory activity and are responsive to a variety of immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the functional distinctions between immunosuppressive Breg cells and immunogenic effector B cells that mature within TLSs with the focus on tumors of HNSCC patients. Additionally, we review contemporary immunotherapies that aim to target TIL-B cells. For the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to complement T-cell-based immunotherapy, a full understanding of either effector B cells or Breg cells is necessary.
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000284944 650_7 $$2Other$$ahead and neck cancer
000284944 650_7 $$2Other$$aimmunotherapy
000284944 650_7 $$2Other$$aregulatory B cells
000284944 650_7 $$2Other$$atertiary lymphoid structures
000284944 650_7 $$2Other$$atumor microenvironment
000284944 650_7 $$2Other$$atumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
000284944 7001_ $$aBetzler, Annika C$$b1
000284944 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)2e5f34f1c58eda4787a14c9dc139ca5f$$aHess, Jochen$$b2$$udkfz
000284944 7001_ $$aBrunner, Cornelia$$b3
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