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000285223 1001_ $$00000-0002-3630-0000$$aHöfel, Sebastian$$b0
000285223 245__ $$aAdapting a practical EPR dosimetry protocol to measure output factors in small fields with alanine.
000285223 260__ $$aReston, Va.$$bACMP$$c2023
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000285223 520__ $$aModern radiotherapy techniques often deliver small radiation fields. In this work, a practical Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) dosimetry protocol is adapted and applied to measure output factors (OF) in small fields of a 6 MV radiotherapy system. Correction factors and uncertainties are presented and OFs are compared to the values obtained by following TRS-483 using an ionization chamber (IC).Irradiations were performed at 10 cm depth inside a water phantom positioned at 90 cm source to surface distance with a 6 MV flattening filter free photon beam of a Halcyon radiotherapy system. OFs for different nominal field sizes (1 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4, normalized to 10 × 10 cm2 ) were determined with a PinPoint 3D (PTW 31022) IC following TRS-483 as well as with alanine pellets with a diameter of 4 mm and a height of 2.4 mm. EPR readout was performed with a benchtop X-band spectrometer. Correction factors due to volume averaging and due to positional uncertainties were derived from 2D film measurements.OFs obtained from both dosimeter types agreed within 0.7% after applying corrections for the volume averaging effect. For the used alanine pellets, volume averaging correction factors of 1.030(2) for the 1 × 1 cm2 field and <1.002 for the larger field sizes were determined. The correction factor for positional uncertainties of 1 mm was in the order of 1.018 for the 1 × 1 cm2 field. Combined relative standard uncertainties uc for the OFs resulting from alanine measurements were estimated to be below 1.5% for all field sizes. For IC measurements, uc was estimated to be below 1.0%.A practical EPR dosimetry protocol is adaptable for precisely measuring OFs in small fields down to 1 × 1 cm2 . It is recommended to consider the effect of positional uncertainties for field sizes <2 × 2 cm2 .
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000285223 650_7 $$2Other$$aEPR dosimetry
000285223 650_7 $$2Other$$aalanine
000285223 650_7 $$2Other$$adensity effect
000285223 650_7 $$2Other$$aoutput factor
000285223 650_7 $$2Other$$asmall field
000285223 650_7 $$2Other$$avolume effect
000285223 7001_ $$aLiebig, Pauline$$b1
000285223 7001_ $$aFix, Michael K$$b2
000285223 7001_ $$aDrescher, Malte$$b3
000285223 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)ca89260a6f950d2149ad4aa50732aa2c$$aZwicker, Felix$$b4$$eLast author$$udkfz
000285223 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2010347-5$$a10.1002/acm2.14191$$gp. e14191$$n12$$pe14191$$tJournal of applied clinical medical physics$$v24$$x1526-9914$$y2023
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