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001     285223
005     20240229155104.0
024 7 _ |a 10.1002/acm2.14191
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037 _ _ |a DKFZ-2023-02258
041 _ _ |a English
082 _ _ |a 530
100 1 _ |a Höfel, Sebastian
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245 _ _ |a Adapting a practical EPR dosimetry protocol to measure output factors in small fields with alanine.
260 _ _ |a Reston, Va.
|c 2023
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336 7 _ |a article
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500 _ _ |a #LA:E055# / 2023 Dec;24(12):e14191
520 _ _ |a Modern radiotherapy techniques often deliver small radiation fields. In this work, a practical Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) dosimetry protocol is adapted and applied to measure output factors (OF) in small fields of a 6 MV radiotherapy system. Correction factors and uncertainties are presented and OFs are compared to the values obtained by following TRS-483 using an ionization chamber (IC).Irradiations were performed at 10 cm depth inside a water phantom positioned at 90 cm source to surface distance with a 6 MV flattening filter free photon beam of a Halcyon radiotherapy system. OFs for different nominal field sizes (1 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 3, 4 × 4, normalized to 10 × 10 cm2 ) were determined with a PinPoint 3D (PTW 31022) IC following TRS-483 as well as with alanine pellets with a diameter of 4 mm and a height of 2.4 mm. EPR readout was performed with a benchtop X-band spectrometer. Correction factors due to volume averaging and due to positional uncertainties were derived from 2D film measurements.OFs obtained from both dosimeter types agreed within 0.7% after applying corrections for the volume averaging effect. For the used alanine pellets, volume averaging correction factors of 1.030(2) for the 1 × 1 cm2 field and <1.002 for the larger field sizes were determined. The correction factor for positional uncertainties of 1 mm was in the order of 1.018 for the 1 × 1 cm2 field. Combined relative standard uncertainties uc for the OFs resulting from alanine measurements were estimated to be below 1.5% for all field sizes. For IC measurements, uc was estimated to be below 1.0%.A practical EPR dosimetry protocol is adaptable for precisely measuring OFs in small fields down to 1 × 1 cm2 . It is recommended to consider the effect of positional uncertainties for field sizes <2 × 2 cm2 .
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650 _ 7 |a EPR dosimetry
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650 _ 7 |a alanine
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650 _ 7 |a density effect
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650 _ 7 |a output factor
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650 _ 7 |a small field
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650 _ 7 |a volume effect
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700 1 _ |a Liebig, Pauline
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700 1 _ |a Fix, Michael K
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700 1 _ |a Drescher, Malte
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700 1 _ |a Zwicker, Felix
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773 _ _ |a 10.1002/acm2.14191
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|v 24
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