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@ARTICLE{Rauch:285284,
      author       = {J. Rauch$^*$ and F. B. Laun and P. Bachert$^*$ and M. E.
                      Ladd$^*$ and T. A. Kuder$^*$},
      title        = {{C}ompensation of concomitant field effects in double
                      diffusion encoding by means of added oscillating gradients.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance imaging},
      volume       = {105},
      issn         = {0730-725X},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-02309},
      pages        = {133-141},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {#EA:E020#LA:E020# / 2024 Jan;105:133-141},
      abstract     = {Maxwell or concomitant fields imprint additional phases on
                      the transverse magnetization. This concomitant phase may
                      cause severe image artifacts like signal voids or distort
                      the quantitative parameters due to the induced intravoxel
                      dephasing. In particular, double diffusion encoding (DDE)
                      schemes with two pairs of bipolar diffusion weighting
                      gradients separated by a refocusing radiofrequency (RF)
                      pulse are prone to concomitant field-induced artifacts. In
                      this work, a method for reducing concomitant field effects
                      in these DDE sequences based on additional oscillating
                      gradients is presented. These oscillating gradient pulses
                      obtained by constrained optimization were added to the
                      original gradient waveforms. The modified sequences reduced
                      the accumulated concomitant phase without significant
                      changes in the original sequence characteristics. The
                      proposed method was applied to a DDE acquisition scheme
                      consisting of 60 pairs of diffusion wave vectors. For
                      phantom as well as for in vivo experiments, a considerable
                      increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was obtained.
                      For phantom measurements with a diffusion weighting of b =
                      2000 s/mm2 for each of the gradient pairs, an SNR increase
                      of up to $40\%$ was observed for a transversal slice that
                      had a distance of 5 cm from the isocenter. For equivalent
                      slice parameters, in vivo measurements in the brain of a
                      healthy volunteer exhibited an increase in SNR of up to
                      $35\%$ for b = 750 s/mm2 for each weighting. These findings
                      are supported by corresponding simulations, which also
                      predict a positive effect on the SNR. In summary, the
                      presented method leads to an SNR gain without additional RF
                      refocusing pulses.},
      keywords     = {Concomitant fields (Other) / Diffusion weighting (Other) /
                      Double diffusion encoding (Other) / Optimization (Other) /
                      Oscillating gradients (Other) / Sequence design (Other)},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37939973},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.mri.2023.11.006},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/285284},
}