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000285390 1001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)399e346e1a6e1e17102f65e2a3b3af70$$aKober, Christina$$b0$$eFirst author
000285390 245__ $$aTargeting the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) with BAY 2416964: a selective small molecule inhibitor for cancer immunotherapy.
000285390 260__ $$aLondon$$bBioMed Central$$c2023
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000285390 520__ $$aThe metabolism of tryptophan to kynurenines (KYN) by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase or tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase is a key pathway of constitutive and adaptive tumor immune resistance. The immunosuppressive effects of KYN in the tumor microenvironment are predominantly mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a cytosolic transcription factor that broadly suppresses immune cell function. Inhibition of AhR thus offers an antitumor therapy opportunity via restoration of immune system functions.The expression of AhR was evaluated in tissue microarrays of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). A structure class of inhibitors that block AhR activation by exogenous and endogenous ligands was identified, and further optimized, using a cellular screening cascade. The antagonistic properties of the selected AhR inhibitor candidate BAY 2416964 were determined using transactivation assays. Nuclear translocation, target engagement and the effect of BAY 2416964 on agonist-induced AhR activation were assessed in human and mouse cancer cells. The immunostimulatory properties on gene and cytokine expression were examined in human immune cell subsets. The in vivo efficacy of BAY 2416964 was tested in the syngeneic ovalbumin-expressing B16F10 melanoma model in mice. Coculture of human H1299 NSCLC cells, primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fibroblasts mimicking the human stromal-tumor microenvironment was used to assess the effects of AhR inhibition on human immune cells. Furthermore, tumor spheroids cocultured with tumor antigen-specific MART-1 T cells were used to study the antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses. The data were analyzed statistically using linear models.AhR expression was observed in tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in HNSCC, NSCLC and CRC. BAY 2416964 potently and selectively inhibited AhR activation induced by either exogenous or endogenous AhR ligands. In vitro, BAY 2416964 restored immune cell function in human and mouse cells, and furthermore enhanced antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses and killing of tumor spheroids. In vivo, oral application with BAY 2416964 was well tolerated, induced a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment, and demonstrated antitumor efficacy in a syngeneic cancer model in mice.These findings identify AhR inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach to overcome immune resistance in various types of cancers.
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000285390 650_7 $$2Other$$aDrug Evaluation, Preclinical
000285390 650_7 $$2Other$$aImmune Checkpoint Inhibitors
000285390 650_7 $$2Other$$aImmunotherapy
000285390 650_7 $$2Other$$aIndoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
000285390 650_7 $$2Other$$aMetabolic Networks and Pathways
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aRoewe, Julian$$b1
000285390 7001_ $$00000-0002-3284-3921$$aSchmees, Norbert$$b2
000285390 7001_ $$aRoese, Lars$$b3
000285390 7001_ $$aRoehn, Ulrike$$b4
000285390 7001_ $$00000-0002-5299-396X$$aBader, Benjamin$$b5
000285390 7001_ $$aStoeckigt, Detlef$$b6
000285390 7001_ $$aPrinz, Florian$$b7
000285390 7001_ $$aGorjánácz, Mátyás$$b8
000285390 7001_ $$aRoider, Helge Gottfried$$b9
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)b5e178888bc0658d1581c92d605b361d$$aOlesch, Catherine$$b10$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$aLeder, Gabriele$$b11
000285390 7001_ $$aIrlbacher, Horst$$b12
000285390 7001_ $$aLesche, Ralf$$b13
000285390 7001_ $$aLefranc, Julien$$b14
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-HGF)0$$aOezcan-Wahlbrink, Mine$$b15
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)93584020b9d32649e754f28e66ca8368$$aBatra, Ankita Sati$$b16$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)7aa3ba111f340c5cfbed338d0d8fb4ca$$aElmadany, Nirmeen$$b17$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)86723b26e79aa190a6c7294651a80986$$aCarretero, Rafael$$b18$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)0f9fbf5fd70dad2bba0760cee65c9613$$aSahm, Katharina$$b19$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)19ad2213f94e3900fa9a1b02f36b965a$$aOezen, Iris$$b20$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)7c69c3cf30a54f9f06e15af48f62ce3c$$aCichon, Frederik$$b21$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)145517ea24b2dd87e857219ae7c5210c$$aBaumann, Daniel$$b22
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)970bd627f415e0a127210d2cecf2311f$$aSadik, Ahmed$$b23$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)14aa02d2ca0515d0c53f1d6678e3ca34$$aOpitz, Christiane A$$b24$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$aWeinmann, Hilmar$$b25
000285390 7001_ $$aHartung, Ingo V$$b26
000285390 7001_ $$aKreft, Bertolt$$b27
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)81ae96953d6149e4307057d71a190019$$aOffringa, Rienk$$b28$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)5ef8651b0f857b9c640aa5b1498c43b5$$aPlatten, Michael$$b29$$udkfz
000285390 7001_ $$aGutcher, Ilona$$b30
000285390 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2719863-7$$a10.1136/jitc-2023-007495$$gVol. 11, no. 11, p. e007495 -$$n11$$pe007495$$tJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer$$v11$$x2051-1426$$y2023
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