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@ARTICLE{Reinikainen:285455,
      author       = {J. Reinikainen and K. Kuulasmaa and V. Oskarsson and P.
                      Amouyel and K. Biasch and H. Brenner$^*$ and R. De Ponti and
                      C. Donfrancesco and W. Drygas and J. Ferrieres and G. Grassi
                      and S. Grimsgaard and L. Iacoviello and P. Jousilahti and L.
                      L. Kårhus and F. Kee and A. Linneberg and D. Luksiene and
                      J. Mariño and M. Moitry and L. Palmieri and A. Peters and
                      A. Piwonska and F. Quarti-Trevano and V. Salomaa and S. Sans
                      and C. O. Schmidt and B. Schöttker$^*$ and S. Söderberg
                      and A. Tamosiunas and B. Thorand and H. Tunstall-Pedoe and
                      D. Vanuzzo and G. Veronesi and M. Woodward and K. Lekadir
                      and T. Niiranen},
      title        = {{R}egional and temporal differences in the associations
                      between cardiovascular disease and its classic risk factors:
                      {A}n analysis of 49 cohorts from 11 {E}uropean countries.},
      journal      = {European journal of preventive cardiology},
      volume       = {31},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {2047-4873},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2023-02389},
      pages        = {569-577},
      year         = {2024},
      note         = {2024 Mar 27;31(5):569-577},
      abstract     = {The regional and temporal differences in the associations
                      between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its classic risk
                      factors are unknown. The current study examined these
                      associations in different European regions over a 30-year
                      period.The study sample comprised 553818 individuals from 49
                      cohorts in 11 European countries (baseline: 1982-2012) who
                      were followed up for a maximum of 10 years. Risk factors
                      (sex, smoking, diabetes, non-HDL [high-density lipoprotein]
                      cholesterol, systolic blood pressure [BP], and body mass
                      index [BMI]) and CVD events (coronary heart disease or
                      stroke) were harmonized across cohorts. Risk factor-outcome
                      associations were analysed using multivariable-adjusted Cox
                      regression models, and differences in associations were
                      assessed using meta-regression.The differences in the risk
                      factor-CVD associations between central Europe, northern
                      Europe, southern Europe, and the United Kingdom were
                      generally small. Men had a slightly higher hazard ratio (HR)
                      in southern Europe (p = 0.043 for overall difference) and
                      those with diabetes had a slightly lower HR in central
                      Europe (p = 0.022 for overall difference) compared with the
                      other regions. Of the six CVD risk factors, minor HR
                      decreases per decade were observed for non-HDL cholesterol
                      $(7\%$ per mmol/L; $95\%$ confidence interval [CI],
                      $3-10\%)$ and systolic BP $(4\%$ per 20 mmHg; $95\%$ CI,
                      $1-8\%),$ while a minor HR increase per decade was observed
                      for BMI $(7\%$ per 10 kg/m2; $95\%$ CI, $1-13\%).The$
                      results demonstrate that all classic CVD risk factors are
                      still relevant in Europe, irrespective of regional area.
                      Preventive strategies should focus on risk factors with the
                      greatest population attributable risk.},
      keywords     = {Cardiovascular disease (Other) / Coronary heart disease
                      (Other) / Europe (Other) / Risk factor (Other) / Stroke
                      (Other)},
      cin          = {C070},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:37976098},
      doi          = {10.1093/eurjpc/zwad359},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/285455},
}